Latest Dentistry Research Month: April-2019
Apply ‘Dam’ before You Say ‘Damn’: A Case Report
With increasing legal implications in practice, one has got to use caution thus as to avoid accidents in observe. though rare, instrument aspiration or bodily function throughout dentistry treatment while not rubber dam may end up in clinical complications and ensuant legal proceedings. the aim of this paper is to gift a case report of AN accidently aspired dentistry file with stress on the preventive measures to avoid such an accident and management if such mishap happens. [1]
Non Surgical Management of Large Cyst like Lesion Using Triple Antibiotic Paste
Large periapical lesions in anterior teeth are sometimes related to trauma. Bacteria, their toxins, medical specialty agents, tissue trash and product of tissue mortification from the pulp get up-to-date with the periapical space through numerous foramina of the basis canals ensuing to inflammatory and medical specialty reactions. calcium hydrate was the same old intra canal medication of alternative. However, because of no improvement with calcium hydrate treatment, the medication was modified to triple antibiotic paste. This case report describes productive non surgical management of an oversized cyst like lesion victimization triple antibiotic paste consisting of antiprotozoal, Cipro and tetracycline. Care ought to be taken for the patients, United Nations agency are sensitive to chemicals or antibiotics. [2]
Diode Laser Assisted Excision of Gingival Hyperplasia: A Clinical Report
Gingival enlargement may be a feature of animal tissue unwellness. It will occur due to the varied etiological factors. Once the etiology of the animal tissue enlargement is known, the treatment arrange is created. Classical strategies for excising the animal tissue embody the employment of surgical knife & thermocautery. instead, alternative advanced technologies just like the usage of lasers have created huge progress within the field of odontology used for numerous soft tissue surgeries. the applying of diode optical device in oral surgery has been attributed to the actual fact that it's safe for pigmentation and tube lesions. The diode optical device is one among the systems during which photons are generated via electrical phenomenon with numerous wavelengths in continuous and periodic mode. Diode optical device with wavelengths starting from 810 to 980 nm used as a doable modality for oral soft tissue surgical procedures. optical device application has numerous blessings as they supply a bloodless surgical field with glorious stop, minimal swelling and soft tissue scarring. within the gift case report, diode optical device was used for excision of animal tissue overgrowth. [3]
Reference
[1] Mushtaq, U., Makkar, S., Kanwar, S., Kaur, T., Mushtaq, F. and Thakur, D. (2018) “Apply ‘Dam’ before You Say ‘Damn’: A Case Report”, International Journal of Research and Reports in Dentistry, 1(2), pp. 1-6. Available at: http://journalijrrd.com/index.php/IJRRD/article/view/25688 (Accessed: 15April2019).
[2] Paul, B., Dube, K., Kapur, C., Sharma, A. and Shankaran, A. (2018) “Non Surgical Management of Large Cyst like Lesion Using Triple Antibiotic Paste”, International Journal of Research and Reports in Dentistry, 1(1), pp. 1-5. Available at: http://journalijrrd.com/index.php/IJRRD/article/view/25678 (Accessed: 15April2019).
[3] Jahan, S., Khattri, S., Sharma, H., Kaushik, M. and Praveen, S. (2018) “Diode Laser Assisted Excision of Gingival Hyperplasia: A Clinical Report”, International Journal of Research and Reports in Dentistry, 1(1), pp. 1-4. Available at: http://journalijrrd.com/index.php/IJRRD/article/view/25686 (Accessed: 15April2019).
Latest parasitology Research Month: April-2019
Comparison of Plastibell Circumcision with Conventional Circumcision in Infants at Tertiary Care Centre
Objective: appraise 2 ways in terms of the incidence of complications in infants.Materials and Methods: this study was conducted on 560 infants WHO were brought for non secular or ritual circumcision to the medicine Surgery unit. Infants were at random divided into 2 teams, Plastibell cluster and traditional cluster supported the kind of intervention. organisation was worn out all cases unless the fogeys insisted on a selected methodology for circumcision. Plastibell circumcision and traditional circumcision were done as Associate in Nursing patient procedure altogether the cases. Follow up was done on third day, fifteenth day and on day of separation of the plastibell in plastibell cluster and were told to contact earlier, just in case of any complication.
Results: throughout the study amount, a complete of 560 kids with age but twelve months fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Out of 560 cases, 310 cases were of Plastibell circumcision cluster and 250 cases were of typical circumcision cluster. The mean range of days for plastibell to separate was six.2 days (3-12 days); Cosmetic results were similar in each the ways. Out of the full 560 cases, the triple-crown rate of circumcision with none complication, were recorded in 475 (84.82%) cases. a complete of sixty five cases out of 310 in Plastibell cluster and twenty cases out of 250 in typical cluster developed complications. Complications like hemorrhage, localized superficial infection occurred most typically in Plastibell circumcision cluster.It was all over that the Plastibell device may be a satisfactory methodology for circumcising kids of this cohort. [1]
Harmonic Scalpel Versus Bipolar Diathermy in Trans -areolar Thyroidectomy
Background: Years past the LigaSure device and Harmonic surgical knife were tried in thyroid surgery. it absolutely was found to be superior to hand-tying techniques. The aim was to assess bipolar modality against harmonic surgical knife relating to operation time, price and complications.Videoscopic neck surgery is developing despite the actual fact that solely potential areas exist within the neck. These approaches square measure additional appealing since the scale of the incision of the standard approach looks to be out of proportion compared to the little size of the tumours.
Purpose: to assess the pertinency of bipolar modality in transareolar extirpation.
Patients and Methods: The interventions were semiconductor diode at Beni-suef University Hospital between Gregorian calendar month 2017 and Gregorian calendar month 2017, when the patients fitted each the inclusions and exclusions criteria. This study registered thirty co-operative patients aged 18-60 years with unilateral thyroid lobe nodule, nodules or subtle swelling with the biggest diameter but four cm. a complete of thirty patients went with the transareolar thyroid excision, twenty went with the harmonic surgical knife and ten with the bipolar modality. Thyroid nodules wereless than 4-cm in their largest cross diameter. endocrine volume was but 20-ml as calculable by America. Cranio-caudal axis of the lobes should not exceed 7-cm.
Results: Mean operative time was ninety min (57 -135) with the harmonic surgical knife whereas it absolutely was one hundred and five min (70-145) minutes. No important post-operative hemorrhage was seen in each teams. LOS was same in each teams. Marked reduction within the price was rumored.
Conclusion: Transareolar extirpation with bipolar modality is related to a marked reduction in price compared to transareolar extirpation with harmonic and this definitely worth the long operative time. [2]
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment in the Guyon’s Canal Secondary to Compression by a Ganglion Cyst: A Case Report
Ulnar nerve compression within the Guyon’s canal is in most cases secondary to continual trauma, fracture of the carpal bone or a occlusion or blood vessel cardiovascular disease of the artery. Tumoral etiologies like a compression by a tumour or a neural structure cyst ar uncommon.The development of a neural structure cyst within the Guyon’s canal as a attainable reason for nervus ulnaris defense has to be thought-about within the case of a abrupt onset of hand grip weakness.We believe that associate degree early surgical decompression by removing the neural structure is important for a full recovery. [3]
Reference
[1] Moinuddin, M., Shinde, N., Devani, R. and Ahmad, A. (2019) “Comparison of Plastibell Circumcision with Conventional Circumcision in Infants at Tertiary Care Centre”, Asian Journal of Research in Surgery, 1(2), pp. 1-7. Available at: http://journalajrs.com/index.php/AJRS/article/view/29732 (Accessed: 13April2019).
[2] Abdelhamid, M. S., Nafady, H. A., Garib, A. Z., Rashad, A. M., Soliman, S. S. and EL – Gaabary, T. M. (2018) “Harmonic Scalpel Versus Bipolar Diathermy in Trans -areolar Thyroidectomy”, Asian Journal of Research in Surgery, 1(2), pp. 1-5. Available at: http://journalajrs.com/index.php/AJRS/article/view/29724 (Accessed: 13April2019).
[3] Jlidi, M., Trabelsi, Y., Essid, L., Bouaicha, W., Daas, S., Khorbi, A. and Sbai, M. A. (2019) “Ulnar Nerve Entrapment in the Guyon’s Canal Secondary to Compression by a Ganglion Cyst: A Case Report”, Asian Journal of Research in Surgery, 1(2), pp. 1-5. Available at: http://journalajrs.com/index.php/AJRS/article/view/29729 (Accessed: 13April2019).
Effect of close Temperature on the Performance of Shaver Brown Hens in Hot wet settingAbstract
Abstract
The impact of temperature on the performance of Shaver brown hens within the hot wet surroundings was investigated exploitation lxxv Shaver brown hens in their fourteenth week of lay. every hen was housed in individual battery cage and fed daily with a hundred twenty five g of economic layers mash containing sixteen.5% crude macromolecule, 2650 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, four-dimensional crude fat, 6.5% crude fibre, 3.6% Ca and zero.4% phosphorus for ten weeks.
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Evaluation of body fluid α-tocopherol and Anemia among sterilised Patients Attending Specialists Hospital, Sokoto
Abstract
Infertility is that the inability of one or two to attain physiological state over a median amount of 1 year despite adequate, regular and unprotected sexuality. hypovitaminosis E has been concerned within the development of physiological state and haemolytic anaemia in animals. There is, however, very little proof that man is ever scanty in vitamin E. The aim of this study is to guage liquid body substance α-tocopherol levels and anemia among unfertilized patients attending Specialists Hospital, Sokoto. a complete of fifty (50) unfertilized patients and fifty (50) apparently healthy fertile married as management were recruited for this study.
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Study of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1and two Mutations in Adult Egyptian Patients with Denovo Acute leukaemia, Their relevancy Clinical Characteristics, FLT3/ITD and Nucleophosmin one Mutations and Impact on Treatment Outcome
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid unwellness} (AML) could be a malignancy that's heterogeneous in nature characterised by genetic abnormalities a number of that ar established within the diagnosing and prognosis of the disease. an extra role for alterations in epigenetic mechanisms has been additionally highlighted within the pathological process of the illness. this could have a task in crucial the illness outcome, impact the treatment call and supply choices for targeted therapies particularly in patients UN agency lack genetic aberrations. one among the modes of epigenetic dysregulation is mutation in genes secret writing isocitrate dehydrogenase one and a couple of that has been discovered in AML with a better incidence in patients with traditional constitution (NK).
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Analysis of data Management apply Studies among the Plasmodium falciparum Positive Patients Attending out Patient Departments in Awka, South Anambra State
Abstract
Aim: to research the data Management observe Studies among the Plasmodium falciparum positive patients attending patient departments in AWKA, South Anambra state.
Study Design: Blood samples were haphazardly collected from 210 feverish patients attending the OPD and interviewed on protozoal infection data and management observe, mistreatment semi-structured form from 3 completely different clinical laboratories, 2 of that ar hospitals.
Place and length of Study: This study was administrated in Medical biological science and Parasitology unit of Anambra State University teaching Hospital, Awka South, South-East Federal Republic of Nigeria between Feb and August, 2013.
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Health Services Utilization Patterns among Enrollees of the National insurance theme at a Tertiary clinic in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) – national capital, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: The National insurance theme (NHIS) was established to produce accessible, reasonable and quality aid to the Nigerian population and also the enrollees utilize aid services at the varied NHIS licensed aid facilities.
Objective: This study assessed the kinds and patterns of health services utilization and perception of patients towards the NHIS in an exceedingly tertiary hospital in FCT-Abuja, Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 305 NHIS enrollees chosen by systematic sampling was done at the overall patient Clinic, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria. Participants’ sociodemographic variables, reasons for hospital alternative, utilization and perceptions regarding NHIS services were assessed. knowledge were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics twenty.0.
Results: Majority 204 (66.9%) of the respondents were principal enrollees, 93 (30.5) were spouses and 8(2.6%) were extra-dependants, 157 (51.5%) had been listed for over five years, and handiness of specialist doctors was the most reason most patients 198 (64.9%) selected to access care at the hospital.
An average of four services were utilised by the respondents, with patient care and laboratory services being the foremost utilised services. Majority 208 (68.2%) explicit that insurance absolutely influences prompt health seeking behaviour, whereas 182 (59.7%) felt that NHIS provides access to quality health services.
Conclusion: The study disclosed the kinds of aid services utilised and also the perception of NHIS beneficiaries towards the theme. whereas continuous support and sustained efforts towards improved services and coverage growth ought to be intense, more studies considering patients and aid providers’ views and different associated factors area unit counseled.
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Protective Potential of cashew tree Leaves against Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity
Abstract
This study investigates the protecting effects of the ethanolic extract of nut tree leaves on paracetamol elicited liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty 5 (25) feminine Wistar rats were arbitrarily divided into 5 (5) teams of 5 (5) rats every. The teams were selected as follows; A, B, C, D and E. group A served because the traditional management, blood type served because the negative management and received one thousand mg/kg of paracetamol solely, cluster C received one thousand mg/kg of paracetamol for 3 days then treated with 250 mg/kg of A. occidentale extract, cluster D received one thousand mg/kg of paracetamol for 3 days then treated with five hundred mg/kg of A. occidentale extract and cluster E received one thousand mg/kg of paracetamol at the same time with five hundred mg/kg of the extract for four weeks severally. once the Last Judgement of administration, the rats were anesthetised mistreatment ketamine hydrochloride and therefore the liver tissues were harvested for histopathological examination.
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Publisher of Science, Technology and drugs (STM) Journals from Republic of India
Abstract
ScienceDomain International is also a brand new and promising publisher of remembering journals from Republic of India. it’s noteworthy that this publisher follows clear and durable “Open peer review” model. In 2013 a commentary disclosed in best-known Science journal (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full), that reportable that out of total 304 journals, only twenty journals rejected a fake article once substantial review. Sciencedomain’s journal was among these few roaring journals. It in addition provides wide compartmentalization coverage and provides public proof for every claim of classification. It in addition renders the service of perpetual archiving with structure, Interior for every article, plagiarism checking for each submission, etc. many scientists from world best-known universities like Harvard, Columbia, Cambridge, University of Chicago, Yale, University of Göttingen, etc disclosed with Science Domain journals. of those examples clearly stand against the rule of some predatory publishers, United Nations agency don’t supply any review service and don’t give the elemental services of a typical profound publisher.
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Attitudes to coaching and Their reference to the Well-being of employees
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze the influence of attitudes towards coaching on individuals’ level of well-being, once dominant for different variables (demographics and psychosocial characteristics). Attitudes towards coaching contains motivation to find out, learning, transfer intention and psychological feature dissonance.
Methodology: In total, 210 employees WHO had undergone numerous coaching programs completed an internet survey measure numerous psychosocial characteristics, four coaching attitudes and level of well-being.
Results: The results showed that positive psychosocial characteristics (positive temperament, positive header, positive work characteristics, organisational citizenship behaviours and commitment) had important associations with positive attitudes towards coaching (motivation to find out, learning and transfer intention) and positive well-being. Similarly, negative psychosocial characteristics (negative header and negative work characteristics) were related with negative coaching attitudes (cognitive dissonance) and negative well-being. The coaching attitudes additionally had a moderate to high correlation with well-being. However, once dominant for different variables (age, gender, education and psychosocial characteristics), solely psychological feature dissonance was found to influence negative well-being. psychological feature dissonance theory was accustomed make a case for these findings.
Conclusion: This study offers a replacement perspective within the field of each coaching and well-being. It not solely provides new data however may be helpful to practitioners. additional analysis is needed within the future to verify the link between coaching attitudes and well-being and examine in additional depth the connection between them.
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Open access test peer-reviewed surroundings and climate journal: International Journal of surroundings and global climate change
Abstract
A property world is one within which human wants square measure met equitably while not sacrificing the power of future generations to satisfy their wants and while not hurt to the setting and scheme perform and repair. Meeting this formidable challenge needs a considerable effort underneath global climate change impact, economic development and increment. International Journal of setting and global climate change aims to publish original analysis articles, review articles and short communications. this can be a top quality controlled, trial peer-reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal. it's long been recognized that the long-run viability of natural capital is essential for several areas of human endeavour underneath global climate change impact. The aims square measure to support field analysis with the goal of promoting property development with environmentally benign built systems that support human well-being which also are compatible with sustaining natural (environmental) systems. All relevant analysis work of {engineering science|engineering|applied science|technology|discipline|subject|subject square measurea|subject field|field|field of study|study|bailiwick|branch of knowledge} and science that seeks to balance society’s got to give sound environmental management and ecological protection associated with global climate change are inspired to submit. because the use of systems engineering approaches is extremely inspired, the principal general analysis areas of this forum embrace however aren't restricted to the subsequent thematic topics:
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Prevalence of enteric Helminthic Infections in Pregnant girls Attending antepartum Clinic in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Abstract
Intestinal infections throughout pregnancies ar recorded with common factors that embrace antepartum mortality, poor nutritionary standing, impaired growth, low birth weight, anaemia and malady burden. it's one in all the key public health issues in developing nations.
This survey was disbursed with one hundred pregnant ladies attending Oba Ademola II hospital, Ijemo, Abeokuta, at intervals six months to work out the infection prevalence, intensity, risk factors and packed cell volume (PCV) correlation. Determination of worm was done by formo-ether deposit technique. Structured form was applied and analyzed mistreatment Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results unconcealed the prevalence of Hookworm to be eighteen, whereas that of genus Ascaris was five hundredth. Comparison getting on between 18-45 years previous and level of education was additionally taken into thought.
Personal hygiene was considerably related to reduced probability of infection. From this study, it's evident that helminthic infections were rife among pregnant ladies. it's so suggested that prenatal clinics ought to incorporate routine stool examination for pregnant ladies to observe parasitic worms and refer positive cases for medical treatment and routine deworming of all pregnant ladies once the primary trimester ought to even be inspired.
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Effects of Communication info Technology Threat on ancient Newspaper trade in Zimbabwe with a selected relevancy Zimpaper cluster
Abstract
The study sought-after to look at the results of data communication technology threat on the newspaper business in Republic of Zimbabwe in a very bid to work out however ICT are often custom-made to be used within the newspaper business. The analysis used a case study of the Zimpaper goup wherever a sample size of a hundred respondents were chosen employing a purposive sampling technique. The study used a mix of 3 instruments i.e. form guides, interviews and alternative records to scale back the disadvantage of employing a single technique. The study showed that the organisation had a healthy mixture of young and previous staff UN agency were extremely literate. This mixture of young and aged staff was seemingly to be an ideal mix of expertise and lightsomeness to adoption of ICTs. This tacit that the organisation had the inherent potential to adopt ICT in its overall strategy supported the overall understanding that a young work force was seemingly to adopt ICT a lot of simply compared to Associate in Nursing aged work force. On the hand, the aged work force would offer helpful insights into the prevailing newspaper merchandise thereby complementing one another. Findings additionally unconcealed that whereas ICT caused serious threats to the normal newspaper business it had additionally the potential to form new business opportunities for a similar business. The study highlighted that the e-mail was the oldest and however the foremost prevailing sort of communication within the organisation. This tacit that the organisation had not however adopted a lot of sturdy and however value effective varieties of communication like Facebook, Twitter, Skype, instant electronic messaging platforms and video conferencing. The study suggested that the organisation ought to develop a transparent amendment management and communication strategy to articulate its business direction and make a case for the importance of adopting ICT. this could be followed by in depth coaching of strategic personnel in ICT skills.
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Evaluation of the Impact of the External Audit within the Functioning of Health Public establishments "Cases of the overall Hospitals of Reference of Kabondo and Makiso/Kisangani of 2011 and 2014"
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims at evaluating the results of the external audit on the denumerable and money management of the final Hospitals of Reference of Makiso/Kisangani and Kabondo.
Methods: we have a tendency to worked with a sample with reasoned selection. it's a few descriptive study of the retrospective kind that we have a tendency to associate the analytical methodology. the info collected during this study once the examination, were reworked into frequency, and then, expressed as a share.
Results: For the HGR of Makiso/Kisangani, the receipts distributed for the audited amount account for fifty five.56% against forty five.44% for the not-audited amount, that's to mention a variation of ten.12%. whereas for the HGR of Kabondo, the receipts distributed for the audited amount account for sixty three.81% against thirty six.19% for the not-audited amount, that's to mention a variation of twenty seven.62%.
Conclusion: we have a tendency to detected that for the audited amount the medical structures underneath study given a performance by profit, the permanent follow-up of its line of work that reduces the risks of the frauds and errors likewise because the money hemorrhages, the dependableness of monetary data because of the self-checking and therefore the credibleness of the establishment close to the external contractors, since it presents an honest image.
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Double blind peer-reviewed open access international journal : International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
A sustainable world is one in which human needs are met equitably without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs and without harm to the environment and ecosystem function and service. Meeting this formidable challenge requires a substantial effort under climate change impact, economic development and population growth. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change aims to publish original research articles, review articles and short communications. This is a quality controlled, double blind peer-reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal. It has long been recognized that the long-term viability of natural capital is critical for many areas of human endeavour under climate change impact. The aims are to support engineering science research with the goal of promoting sustainable development with environmentally benign engineered systems that support human well-being and that are also compatible with sustaining natural (environmental) systems.
Research Paper
- Combining Active and Passive Airborne Remote Sensing to Quantify NO2 and Ox Production near Bakersfield, CA
- Assessing Surface PM2.5 Estimates Using Data Fusion of Active and Passive Remote Sensing Methods
- Simulating the Impact of Drought on California’s Central Valley Hydrology, Groundwater and Cropping
- Relationships between Climate Parameters and Forest Vegetation At and Near Digya National Park, Ghana
- Will the Bagmati Basin’s Future Hydrological Change be linked with Global Climate Change Patterns?
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Peer Review History: Application of elect particle Monitoring-Gas natural process Mass spectrum analysis (SIM-GCMS) for Quantification of Poly Aromatic Hydro Carbons in Surface Water from district, Mambong watercourse (Malaysia)
Abstract
Background: Increasing activities have junction rectifier to serious atmosphereal issues because of Pullution caused by harmful materials like poly aromatic carbons whose levels are rising within the environment.Background: Increasing activities have junction rectifier to serious atmosphereal issues because of Pullution caused by harmful materials like poly aromatic carbons whose levels are rising within the environment.
Objective: The study bestowed here disbursed the ultra-trace Quantification of Poly Aromatic Hydro carbons in surface water victimisation hand-picked particle observation with improvement Gas activity Mass spectroscopy parameter.
Methods: A Shimadzu QP 2010 and GCMS equipped with Associate in Nursing auto-injector AOC-20i, 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 um of BP-X5 capillary column (SGE, USA) was wont to get the results of poly aromatic hydrocarbons to separate and quantify the PAH compounds moreover on determine the Polyromantic organic compound victimisation USEPA.
Results: the quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at ultra-trace level within the surface water samples was calculable. Sixteen Poly Aromatic Hydro carbons were known among that hydrocarbon Pyrene (45.7 ng/L), Chrysene (59.38 ng/L), Benzo (g, h, i) perylene (40.35 ng/L) because the major pollutants within the water surface of Mambong stream water. Total Poly Aromatic Hydro carbons (PAHs) concentrations ranged from two.0 to forty nanogram L-1 was detected within the stream water.
Conclusion: the chosen particle observation -Gas activity Mass spectroscopy (SIM-GCMS) will be thought of as sensitive and sturdy methodology to analyse PAHs contamination in environmental samples. Thus, facilitate the researchers to uncover the important areas of environmental pollution at ultra-trace level that several researchers weren't able to explore.
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Peer Review History: Environmental Adult Education Delivery Strategies for Promoting Effective Participation in Activities for Proper Solid Waste Management among Urban Dwellers in Abia State
Abstract
This study investigated environmental adult education delivery strategies for promoting effective participation in activities for proper solid waste management among urban dwellers in Abia state. The researchers used a structured questionnaire to collect data from sampled health workers and residence in the study area. A total of 195 health workers and residence of Abia State participated in the study as a sample. The instrument was validated by two experts and had a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and z-Test for the hypothesis. The results of the study revealed that the environmental adult education delivery strategies promoted effective participation in activities for proper solid waste management to a large extent as a grand mean score of 3.48 which is within the range was realized. Also, the use of print media; electronic media, door to door visits, educational forum and natural group are the environmental adult education delivery strategies for solid waste management, and these strategies created proper solid waste management awareness to a large extent. Also, there is no significant difference in the mean ratings of health workers and residents on the extent to which they promote effective participation in activities for proper solid waste management. It was recommended among others that the State Environmental Workers should always have a better time to relay their programmes on the electronic media such as television or radio to capture a wider audience for effective participation.
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Is ScienceDomain International a scam? Is there any real proof behind this allegation?
It has been noted that several academicians from world renowned universities like Harvard, university, Cambridge, University of Chicago, university, University of Göttingen, etc have printed their valuable papers with Sciencedomain journals. Please see gere for a few proof (http://www.sciencedomain.org/pag...). likely these academicians have trustworthy Sciencedomain International thanks to clear policies that embody the standards of critique method (Advanced Open Peer review), sensible assortment coverage, high editorial benchmarks, and plenty of additional. One should bear the terms and conditions of submission and publication policies so as to own a transparent plan concerning the operating type of this publisher. This publisher has forever centered on providing readers with relevant data with none problem.
As per a report (Link) of 1 of the world’s most renowned journal (Science),one of the journal of Sciencedomain (British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research) passed a demanding take a look at of quality of critique by rejecting a faux article (Link1, Link2, Link3). this can be a verifiable proof of the dedication and hard-work of the peer reviewers and editors to take care of the high normal of journals. it absolutely was according that out of total 304 journals, solely twenty journals rejected the faux article when substantial critique. Sciencedomain’s journal was among these few prosperous journals together with trade leaders like PLoS One, Hindawi, etc. it’s imperative that the results of this experiment conjointly proved the efficaciousness of clear Advanced OPEN critique and ‘post publication’ peer review system.
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Environmental Literacy, Interest and Engagement in Environmental Activities: A Shared Understanding for Undergraduates
Abstract
Purpose: The study aims to examine the extent of environmental literacy, interest in environmental issues and engagement of environmental activities of the undergraduates in Sri Lanka believing that understanding the level of environmental literacy will lead to influence attitudinal changes and actions of undergraduates towards the environment. Design: A self-administered structured questionnaire was utilised to collect data from Bachelor of Commerce undergraduates in state universities of Sri Lanka. The descriptive analysis and the multiple regression analysis were used to examine the extend and the relationship among the constructs. Findings: Based on the descriptive analysis, there was low level of environmental literacy among the selected undergraduates in this study. The overall level of interest in environmental issues and level of engagement in environmental activities were moderate. The multiple regression analysis indicated that environmental literacy, as well as environmental interest, were significant predictors for environmental engagement. Originality and Implications: The results facilitate to recommend that B.Com degree programme should be integrated with environmental areas where such knowledge could lead to promote interest and action towards the environmental activities.
Keywords :
Sustainability; comparative study; bachelor of commerce undergraduates.
E-Marketing and Organizational Performance: A Study of Five Manufacturing Companies in Oyo State, Nigeria
Abstracts
The information age holds a number of daunting challenges for modern organizations, and more specifically, modern marketers. These challenges have contributed towards a fast-changing and more complex environment for organizations. This study examines the effect of E-marketing on the performance of the selected business organizations in Oyo State, Nigeria. The purposive method was used to select five manufacturing companies operating in Oyo State while the simple random sampling technique was used to select fifty respondents for the study. Data collected through structured questionnaire was analysed with the aid of Mean and Regression Analysis. Results of the analysis show that e-marketing has a significant impact on organizational performance measured by effective decision making, customer satisfaction and sakes volume. The study also confirms that unstable power supply, lack of government support, low level of education of the owners/managers of business organizations and Security of documents through e-commerce are major threats to the success of e-marking adoption. The study concludes that the survival of business organizations, especially in this globally competitive environment, pivots on e-marketing. Subsequently, the study recommends that the government should provide enabling environment for e-commerce to triumph in Nigeria. Also, management of Nigerian business organizations should establish e-marketing unit, administratively and financially separate and independent from marketing department, and give it a prominent place in the organizational structure, to be able to perform its functions without associating with the marketing management or other administrations in the company.
Keywords :
E-Marketing; decision making; customer satisfaction; information technology; manufacturing; Nigeria.
The Factors of Declining Agricultural Growth in Bangladesh and Its Impact on Food Security
Abstracts
Agriculture is an important sector of Bangladesh economy because it has a positive role in food security, employment and livelihoods. Around 84 percent of rural people rely on agriculture sector directly or indirectly for their livelihood. However, in last 17 years, the shares of agriculture in GDP are steadily declining. However, Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world due to climate change. Based on secondary data, the study intends to describe the impacts of climatic causes on declining agricultural growth in the country. The paper also discusses impact of population growth, urbanization, loss of arable land etc on agriculture production of Bangladesh. The trend of declining agricultural growth has negative effect on food security. As a consequence of declining agricultural growth, food security has emerged a big challenge for Bangladesh. The paper analyses the impacts of declining agriculture growth on food security as well as other causes.
Keywords :
Agricultural growth; climate change; anthropogenic causes; food security; Bangladesh.
Latest Herbal Medicines Research
Research 1
Optimize Diabetes by Herbal Medicine: A Review
Plant-based medicinal products have been acknowledged since ancient times and several medicinal plants and their products have been used to control diabetes in the traditional medicinal systems of many cultures worldwide. Several synthetic oral hypoglycemic agents are the primary forms of treatment for diabetes. However, prominent side-effects of such drugs are the main reason for an increasing number of people seeking alternative therapies that may have less severe or no side effects but little toxicological information exists concerning traditional antidiabetic plants. The present paper is an attempt to list the plants with anti-diabetic and related beneficial effects originating from different parts of the world and polyhedral formulations. History has shown that medicinal plants have been used in traditional healing around the world for a long time to treat diabetes; this is because such herbal plants have hypoglycemic properties and other beneficial properties, as reported in scientific literature. There are some such plants described in this review, which clearly shows the importance of herbal plants and polyhedral formulations in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The effects of these plants may delay the development of diabetic complications and provide a rich source of antioxidants that are known to prevent/delay different diseased states.
Research 2
Types of Herbal Medicine Used for HIV Conditions in Vihiga County, Kenya
Aim: To identify types of herbal medicine used for HIV conditions in Vihiga county, Kenya.
Study Design: Qualitative ethno botanical survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Hamuyundi sub-location, west Sabatia location, Sabatia Sub County, Vihiga County – Kenya. The study was carried out in December 2014.
Methodology: Information was obtained by interviewing Community health workers (CHW), as key informants using an interview schedule. Hamuyundi community was selected on basis of having the highest number of long serving CHW. All the 11 CHW were interviewed.
Results: Thirty six plant species belonging to 26 families were identified as medicine. The plant species with most consensus for specific conditions were Cassia occidentalis L. for malaria/fever at 36% and Justicia betonica (L.) for gastrointestinal conditions at 36%. Most plant species belonged to Solanaceae, Labiateae and Rubiaceae. The most mentioned conditions for which plant medicines were used were gastrointestinal and skin problems.
Conclusion: The majority of plants used by Hamuyundi community as medicine are supported by literature as used elsewhere or contain bioactive compounds. The low consensus on plants used as medicine for specific conditions shows the dynamic state of plant medicine application in HIV conditions. The use of leaves as plant parts for medicine preparation shows the preservation strategy of plant resources. The gastrointestinal and skin problems treated by majority of plant medicines are common HIV associated diseases.
Research 3
Herbal Medicines Used in the Treatment of Typhoid in the Ga East Municipality of Ghana
In Ghana, majority of the people patronize herbal medicines for the treatment of both chronic and acute ailments as well as infectious and non-infectious diseases. As such, the use of herbs as medicines in the treatment of enteric (typhoid) fever is very widespread.
Aims: This study therefore investigates anti-typhoidal herbal medicinal formulations that are for sale on the Ghanaian market with regards to the contents on the product labels and assesses the various active plant components in the light of documented evidence of their use in the treatment of typhoid.
Methodology: Herbal products for the treatment of typhoid were sampled from herbal medicine shops and pharmacies and assessed for the type of formulation, plant and non-plant constituents, dosage, indications, treatment duration and contraindications.
Results: Majority of the products (87%, n=16) had registration numbers whilst 13% had none. These anti-typhoid formulations were simultaneously recommended for the treatment of malaria (56%) (9 out of 16 products), jaundice (31%), various types of pains (body pains, headache, menstrual pains) (8%), stress (8%) and fatigue (8%). All the preparations had more than one plant as its active constituent. Forty-four percent (44%) contained 2 plants species as the active ingredients, 37% contained between 3 to 5 plant species, 13% contained 6 to 10 plant species and 6% contained more than 10 plant species. The most frequently occurring active plant constituents of these products were Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Morinda lucida (Rubiaceae), Citrus aurantifolia (Rutaceae), Vernonia amygdalina(Compositae) and Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae).
Conclusion: In all, thirty-four different plant species belonging to 25 families were found to be present in these products. A literature search on the plants species showed that their traditional use in the treatment of typhoid is well documented and hence their resulting formulations may as well be very effective.
Research 4
Herbal Medicine Use among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in North Sudan
Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, pattern and predictors of herbal medicine use among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study design.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in 2012 at primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Khartoum.
Methodology: Data for a cross-sectional study were collected via face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires at primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Khartoum, Sudan.
Results: From a total of 600 patients who responded, 58% reported the use of herbal medicine. Significant factors associated with herbal medicine use were, gender (P=0.006), education (P=0.001), duration of diabetes (P=0.005) and family income (P=0.019).Gender (P=0.001), education, duration of diabetes and place of birth (P=0.05). The most commonly used herbs were fenugreek, black seed, cinnamon and olive. The proposed motivations for using herbal medicines were ease of access, low cost and reports of a positive experience by others. Family and friends were the main source of information for most patients. About 63.8% failed to inform their doctors about using herbs, and the main reasons given for this were fear of a negative response, doctor did not ask, and unnecessary to inform the doctor.
Conclusion: The prevalence of herbal medicine among diabetics is high. The herbs used are not investigated for safety and efficacy and this point to the urgent need for research in this area. In order to overcome a lack of knowledge among doctors about herbs, we propose the integration of herbal medicine into the current medical curriculum so that in future physicians will be better able to communicate with their patients.
Research 5
Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines for Oral Health Promotion: Analysis of Students and Professionals Knowledge
Aims: Verify the indications of medicinal plants and herbal medicines carried out by professors and academics of the dentistry course, and their knowledge about the interaction of medicinal plants and herbal medicines with medications of continuous use.
Materials and Methods: An evaluation instrument was applied to professors who practice the profession of dental surgeon and students of the dentistry course on the indication of herbal and phytotherapeutic products to their clients in the clinic and in the office.
Results: A total of 52 subjects participated in the research, providing a total of 5 different types of plants cited and 1 herbal medicine, highlighting Malva sylvestris, and not reporting the knowledge of the subjects on any type of drug interaction.
Conclusion: There is a lack of knowledge among professional dental surgeons and students about the use and benefit of natural resources such as medicinal plants and herbal medicines.
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Recent Research In Solar Cell
Research -1
Three Fresh Plant Seeds as Natural Dye Sensitizers for Titanium Dioxide Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
In this paper, we used the extracts of three fresh plant seeds as photosensitizers for DSSCs based on TiO2 nanopowder as a semiconducting material. Ethanol was used to extract the dyes from the seeds. The fill factors of the cells sensitized with the seeds of Raphanus raphanistrum, Lepidium sativum and Dianthus barbatus were 0.45, 0.40, and 0.48, respectively, whereas the efficiencies were 0.05, 0.03, and 0.15. The performance of the DSSC sensitized with Dianthus barbatus was investigated at various pH values of the dye solution and found to have a considerable effect of the cell efficiency.
Research -2
Photochemical Study for Solar Energy Conversion & Storage in Solar Cell: Yellow 5GN-EDTA System
The photovoltages and photocurrent in photogalvanic cell were studied for conversion and storage of solar energy by using yellow 5GN as a photo sensitizer and EDTA as a reductant. The observed cell performance in terms of photopotential, photocurrent, conversion efficiency, fill factor and storage capacity in terms of half change time are 905.0 mV, 450.0 μA, 1.45%, 0.5 and 170.0 minutes on irradiation for 140 minutes, respectively. The effects of different parameters on electrical output of the cell were observed and a mechanism has been proposed for generation of the photopotential and photocurrent in photo galvanic cell.
Research -3
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) Based on Titania Nanoparticles and Hibiscus sabdariffa
Natural dye extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa (popularly called Zobo in Nigeria; Western part of Africa) has been used as a sensitizer for nanosized titania (TiO2) synthesized via hydrothermal route. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed the wide band gap titania (TiO2) to be almost isomorphic phase purity) with spherical particles having diameters in the range 25-40nm. The fabricated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) was tested and found to have photo generated current density of 0.17mAcm-2 and open-circuit voltage value of 460 mV. The fill factor and power-conversion efficiency of the fabricated DSC were determined to be 41% and 0.033% respectively. This combination of natural dye extract with nanosized titania coupled with an appropriate hole transport material promises to provide a cheap, renewable and stable solar cells, paving way for large-scale commercialization in contrast to the expensive silicon based solar cells.
Research -4
Deposition of Conducting Oxide Thin Films as Anode for Solar Cell Device
Transparent Conducting Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited with Pulsed Laser Deposition PLD at 300°C. The ITO films have small grain size of 5-10 nm and a high value transmission (95%) in the wavelength range from 300 to 700 nm with a low resistivity of 2.25 × 10−4 Ω.cm. While Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films have grain size of 15 nm and a transmission of 85% with a resistivity of 2.10 × 10−2 Ω.cm.
A lower resistivity and better spectra selectivity is a measurement of the quality and potential use of transparent ITO and ZnO films for the application as anode electrodes for optoelectronic devices. The optimized ITO film was then used individually as anode in a solar cell based on organic conjugated polymer BEH-co-MEH-PPV. The cell fabricated in this study with an active layer made by solution-processed polymer. It was also found that the surface roughness and work function of oxide films are very important to enhance the stability and efficiency of electrode thin films used for solar cells. The solar cell structure ITO/BEHP-co-MEH-PPV/Al has shown a photovoltaic performance with open circuit voltages (Voc) of the cell being 0.45 V and power conversion efficiency of 6.4% and a fill factor of 40%.
Research -5
Enhanced Performance of a Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using Silver Nanoparticles Modified Photoanode
We reported an improved performance of a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) modified fluorine tin oxide (FTO) electrode through successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). The resulting photoelectrode was successfully incorporated in the DSSC. The photovoltaic performance was evaluated under 100 mWcm-2 light intensity. The performance, especially the photocurrent, and open circuit voltage of the DSSC containing Ag-NPs was significantly affected by the Ag-NPs. The modified Ag-NPs photoanode shows a short circuit current density (JSC) of 0.0316 mAcm-2, a photovoltage VOC of 0.442 V yielding an overall conversion efficiency of 0.00710%. This represents a 22% improvement in photocurrent over the photocurrent (0.0259 mAcm-2) of bare FTO without Ag-NPs.
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New Nanotechnology Research
Research No-1
Basic Electrochemistry Meets Nanotechnology: Electrochemical Preparation of Artificial Receptors Based on Nanostructured Conducting Polymer, Polypyrrole
This article examines the usefulness of a conducting polymer, polypyrrole, in the design of molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors. Basic electrochemical techniques previously described in this Journal are applied in the preparation of the molecularly imprinted conducting polymer polypyrrole (mPpy). Pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) method is applied for the estimation of success in the preparation of mPpy and for the detection of analyte interaction with the complementary cavities imprinted within the polymeric backbone. Caffeine was selected as a template molecule for molecular imprinting of polypyrrole. Estimation of caffeine concentration has an analytical impact owing to its high biological activity. Moreover, caffeine is well known to the students. Application of electrochemical polymerization techniques enables preparation of molecularly imprinted conducting polymer-based analytical systems. Such systems exhibit an artificially created affinity and can act as synthetic receptors.
Research No-2
Assessment and Conservation of Groundwater Quality: A Challenge for Agriculture
Quality of irrigation water is one of the key factors which have either direct or indirect impact on plant growth, soil and water management practices and plant yield. This work aims at the assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation, impact of different chemical parameters on plant yield and agriculture and water management practices needed in adverse irrigation water conditions. This study was conducted in semi-arid area where salinity and alkalinity are considered the main threats to the sustainable irrigation agriculture. Various sources of groundwater, within an area of 36 km2, lying in the north-east of the Lakki Marwat district Pakistan, were surveyed and thirty representative samples were collected for the chemical analyses. The data from the chemical analyses of these water samples was compared with the standard values suggested by WAPDA, FAO and USDA Handbook 60. The electrical conductivity values indicate that the groundwater existing in the project area is slightly saline and the pH values find it slightly alkaline. The overall study reveals that none of the water samples has an adverse impact on the yield of barley, sorghum and wheat while 7% and 17% of this water respectively reduce the yield of corn and onion by 50%. Besides, 7% of this water reduces the yield of alfalfa by 25%. The study concludes that the management practices such as deep ploughing, provision of adequate drainage and crop rotation can improve the use of such water.
Research No-3
Preparation of Polymer Nanofiber and Its Application
Today in the field of nanotechnology, polymer nanofiber have become a prominent area of research. They are widely used in wound healing, tissue engineering. Drug loaded biopolymer based nanofiber is used in wound healing. They are also used in making scaffold for tissue engineering. Electrospinning is used for generating polymer nanofiber. In this article, preparation of polymer nanofiber and application of this nanofiber is described.
Research No-4
Stabilization of Lateritic Soil with Cassava Peels Ash
This research is aimed at assessing the impact of Cassava Peels Ash (CPA) on the stabilization of lateritic soil deposit found within Osogbo Local Government Area in Osun State, Nigeria. This project was carried out to study the characteristics of Cassava Peels Ash (CPA) stabilization on lateritic soil. Preliminary tests were performed on three samples, L1, L2, and L3 for identification and classification purposes followed by the consistency limit tests. Geotechnical property tests (compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compression Test) were also performed on the samples, both at the stabilized and unstabilized states by adding 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% Cassava Peels Ash (CPA) by weight of sample to the soils. The results showed that the addition of CPA improved the strengths of the samples. Optimum moisture contents (OMC) reduced to 14.58, 18.40 and 16.00% at 6, 4 and 6% CPA additions in samples L1, L2 and L3 respectively while maximum dry density (MDD) increased to 1470, 1410 and 1440 kg/m3 at 10, 4 and 2% CPA additions in samples L1, L2, and L3. The unsoaked CBR values of samples increased from 7.89 to 19.40% at 8% CPA stabilization for sample L1, for sample L2, it increases from 5.80 to 27.02% at 10% CPA stabilization and for sample L3 at the natural state, it increases from 14.50 to 18.20% at 4%. The shear strengths of samples L1, L2 and L3 also increased from 123.70 to 590.58 kN/m2 at 2% CPA stabilization, 293.48 to 297.67 kN/m2 at 10% CPA stabilization and 153.99 to 554.02 kN/m2 respectively. It was therefore concluded that Cassava Peels Ash has a good potential for stabilizing lateritic soil.
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Recent Research In cardiology
Research No-1
Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors
Despite strong scientific evidence supporting the benefits of regular exercise for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), physical inactivity is highly prevalent worldwide. In addition to merely changing well-known risk factors for systemic CVD, regular exercise can also improve cardiovascular health through non-traditional mechanisms. Understanding the pathways through which exercise influences different physiological systems is important and might yield new therapeutic strategies to target pathophysiological mechanisms in CVD. This Review includes a critical discussion of how regular exercise can have antiatherogenic effects in the vasculature, improve autonomic balance (thereby reducing the risk of malignant arrhythmias), and induce cardioprotection against ischaemia–reperfusion injury, independent of effects on traditional CVD risk factors. This Review also describes how exercise promotes a healthy anti-inflammatory milieu (largely through the release of muscle-derived myokines), stimulates myocardial regeneration, and ameliorates age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, a frequently overlooked non-traditional CVD risk factor. Finally, we discuss how the benefits of exercise might also occur via promotion of a healthy gut microbiota. We argue, therefore, that a holistic view of all body systems is necessary and useful when analysing the role of exercise in cardiovascular health.
Research No-2
Bromocriptine treatment in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy and right ventricular dysfunction
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction predicts adverse outcome in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). We recently demonstrated beneficial effects associated with the prolactin release inhibitor bromocriptine at different doses when added to standard heart failure therapy in PPCM. Here, we evaluated for the first time the therapeutic potential of bromocriptine particularly in PPCM patients with RV involvement.
Research No-3
Feasibility of Complete Aortic Valve Cusp Replacement Using CardioCel® in Early Childhood
The presented case is the report on a successful complete aortic valve cusp replacement using tissue-engineered xenogenic CardioCel® material in early childhood.
Research No-4
Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk in Microalbuminuric and Normoalbuminuric Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Nigeria
Aim: To compare cardiovascular risk in microalbuminuric and normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Methodology: Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), electrolytes, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and renal profile were determined in 120 type 2 diabetic patients attending the Medical Outpatient Clinic from January 2017 to August 2017, and in 120 age-matched control subjects. Semi-quantitative determination of microalbuminuria was done using the “MICRAL test” strip. Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30 – 300 mg/g (3.4-33.9 mg/mmol).
Results: Twenty-seven (22.5%) diabetic patients had microalbuminuria but 93 (77.5%) patients did not have microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuric diabetic patients had significantly longer duration of diabetes, higher mean BMI, higher blood pressure, higher creatinine, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), higher urea, higher potassium, higher total cholesterol, higher LDL and lower HDL, as well as higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL and low HDL, compared to diabetics without microalbuminuria.
Conclusion: Microalbuminuric patients had more adverse levels and higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to normoalbuminuric patients. Microalbuminuria is known to be an adverse prognostic indicator for clinical cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in diabetic patients.
Research No-5
Cardio Protective Effect of Dark Chocolate Components: Mechanisms of Actions
Chocolate is made from the seeds of a tropical rainforest tree called “Theobroma cacao”. When compared with other food sources based on oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) measurement, dark chocolate is a major source of flavonols with highest antioxidant levels. Some of the health benefits of cocoa consumption include antioxidant properties such as polyphenolic compounds, among others are monomeric flavanols, epicatechin, catechin and oligomeric procyanidins. Both experimental and observational studies have suggested that chocolate consumption has a positive influence on human health, with antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and anti-thrombotic effects as well as influence on insulin sensitivity, vascular endothelial function, and bioavailability of nitric oxide. In addition, dark chocolate consumption may alter lipid effects, by lowering total and low density lipoproteins and increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The antioxidants found in chocolate have been shown to inhibit plasma lipid oxidation probably by scavenging free radical species. There are some experimental studies to prove that flavonoids could prevent LDL oxidation in vitro by scavenging radical species or sequestering metal ions. Dark chocolate (DC) has beneficial effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Polyphenols rich dark chocolate showed progress in insulin sensitivity and decreased blood pressure in healthy subjects. Dark Chocolate has a dual effect on platelets by decreasing platelet aggregation and also it reduces platelet adhesion. Chocolate extends its great beneficial effect from being by and large a palatable pleasant and hence sustainable therapeutic option. Thus, dark chocolate may be suggested as a potential delicacy and one of the agents for the prevention and control of cardiometabolic syndrome.
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Latest Research In Zika Virus
Research No-1
A Short Review of Zika Virus
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus which is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. In 2015, the outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil cause rapid spread of this virus throughout the Americas. A new report of relation between ZIKV infection and an epidemic of microcephaly among Brazilian neonates attracted universal attention. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that, there is still no vaccine exist to prevent zika. Hence, important factor on preventing zika is by avoiding mosquitoes bite.
Research No-2
Molecular and cellular insights into Zika virus-related neuropathies
Zika virus (ZIKV), a relatively elusive Aedes mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, had been brought into spotlight until recent widespread outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical neuropathies, including fetal microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in the adult. In this review, we focus on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which vertically transmitted microorganisms reach the fetus and trigger neuropathies.
Research No-3
Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas
Although the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and its link to birth defects have attracted a great deal of attention1,2, much remains unknown about ZIKV disease epidemiology and ZIKV evolution, in part owing to a lack of genomic data. Here we address this gap in knowledge by using multiple sequencing approaches to generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from 10 countries and territories, greatly expanding the observed viral genetic diversity from this outbreak. We analysed the timing and patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions; our phylogenetic evidence suggests rapid expansion of the outbreak in Brazil and multiple introductions of outbreak strains into Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, other Caribbean islands, and the continental United States. We find that ZIKV circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months before the first locally transmitted cases were confirmed, highlighting the importance of surveillance of viral infections. We identify mutations with possible functional implications for ZIKV biology and pathogenesis, as well as those that might be relevant to the effectiveness of diagnostic tests.
Research No-4
Zika virus congenital syndrome: experimental models and clinical aspects
Viral infections have long been the cause of severe diseases to humans, increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, either in rich or poor countries. Yellow fever virus, H1N1 virus, HIV, dengue virus, hepatitis B and C are well known threats to human health, being responsible for many million deaths annually, associated to a huge economic and social cost. In this context, a recently introduced flavivirus in South America, called Zika virus (ZIKV), led the WHO to declare in February 1st 2016 a warning on Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). ZIKV is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family firstly isolated from sentinels Rhesus sp. monkeys at the Ziika forest in Uganda, Africa, in 1947. Lately, the virus has well adapted to the worldwide spread Aedes aegypti mosquito, the vector for DENV, CHIKV, YFV and many others. At first, it was not considered a threat to human health, but everything changed when a skyrocketing number of babies born with microcephaly and adults with Guillain-Barré syndrome were reported, mainly in northeastern Brazil. It is now well established that the virus is responsible for the so called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), whose most dramatic features are microcephaly, arthrogryposis and ocular damage. Thus, in this review, we provide a brief discussion of these main clinical aspects of the CZS, correlating them with the experimental animal models described so far.
Research No-5
Semen inhibits Zika virus infection of cells and tissues from the anogenital region
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes severe birth defects and can be transmitted via sexual intercourse. Semen from ZIKV-infected individuals contains high viral loads and may therefore serve as an important vector for virus transmission. Here we analyze the effect of semen on ZIKV infection of cells and tissues derived from the anogenital region. ZIKV replicates in all analyzed cell lines, primary cells, and endometrial or vaginal tissues. However, in the presence of semen, infection by ZIKV and other flaviviruses is potently inhibited. We show that semen prevents ZIKV attachment to target cells, and that an extracellular vesicle preparation from semen is responsible for this anti-ZIKV activity. Our findings suggest that ZIKV transmission is limited by semen. As such, semen appears to serve as a protector against sexual ZIKV transmission, despite the availability of highly susceptible cells in the anogenital tract and high viral loads in this bodily fluid
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Latest Research In Water
Research No-1
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ground Water from Nasarawa State, Middle Belt, Nigeria
Aim: To assess contamination of borehole water by heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn).
Study Design: Water samples collected from fifty two boreholes in twelve Local Government Areas (L.G.A) of Nasarawa State were analyzed for the heavy metal concentrations.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from Akwanga, Awe, Doma, Garaku, Karu, Keana, Keffi, Lafia, Nasarawa, Nasarawa Eggon, Toto, and Wamba, during the dry season.
Methodology: The water samples were prepared according to standard methods. Heavy metal levels in the samples were quantitatively determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
Results: The highest concentrations of Zn (1.81±1.19 mg/l) and Fe (0.89±1.73 mg/l) were recorded at Keana, while their lowest levels were observed at Lafia. Pb ranged from 0.01±0.00 to 0.04±0.05 mg/l in the areas. The highest Cu (0.32±0.51 mg/l) and Ni (0.07±0.06 mg/l) contents were obtained at Doma. Nasarawa recorded the highest concentration of Mn (0.08±0.04 mg/l) and the lowest at Lafia (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/l). Water Cr contents was highest at Keana (0.24±0.32 mg/l) and lowest at Lafia and Akwanga. Ni levels were low. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that heavy metal concentrations were not significantly different (P < .05), except for Zn. Fe levels (0.70 mg/l) at Kagbu Error (N/Eggon), Offu and Ugya (0.75 mg/l) at Toto, where higher than the SON and WHO acceptable limits for drinking water, except at Idadu, where the value (0.35 mg/l) was within the WHO acceptable limit. Concentrations of Pb in borehole water from Tide, Nidan, and Towship (Akwanga), Arusu (0.014 mg/l) in Garaku and Keana were above the WHO threshold value for drinking water. Cr levels at Idadu (0.70 mg/l) in Doma, Angbragba (0.7 mg/l) and Owene (0.21 mg/l) at Keana, and Main market (0.07 mg/l), were also above the SON and WHO acceptable limits. Concentrations of Cu at Galle South (1.03 mg/l) in N/Eggon and Yashi Madaki (1.05 mg/l) in Wamba were higher than the SON standard but within the acceptable WHO (2.0 mg/l) standard.
Conclusion: Boreholes water was not contaminated by Mn, Zn, and Ni. Pb, Fe, Cu, and Cr levels in water were above SON and WHO. Metal levels above the standards might be attributed to surface contamination originating from anthropogenic and geological sources. Continuous monitoring of the heavy metal levels in water from the boreholes is recommended.
Research No-2
Optimization of Water Based-extraction Methods for the Preparation of Bioactive-rich Ginger Extract Using Response Surface Methodology
Aims: Evaluation of three extraction methods to prepare bioactive-rich ginger extract for incorporation into a functional beverage.
Study Design: Response surface methodology.
Methodology: For the preparation of bioactive-rich ginger extract with water, conventional hot water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and high pressure homogenization-assisted extraction were evaluated. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of each method with respect to the highest polyphenols, antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power; FRAP) and percent inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation.
Results: Multiple response optimizations revealed that the optimum extraction conditions for each extraction method were 60min extraction time under 55°C for hot water extraction, 15min ultrasonication under 52°C for ultrasonic-assisted extraction and 62°C under 140MPa homogenization pressure for high pressure homogenization-assisted extraction.
Conclusion: The extract prepared from the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method exhibited the highest polyphenol recovery and antioxidant activity, compared to the extracts prepared from other two methods.
Research No-3
Impact of Magnetic Water Irrigation for Improve the Growth, Chemical Composition and Yield Production of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) Plant
Magnetic water is considered one of several physical factors affects plant growth and development. Magnetic water fields are known to induce biochemical changes and could be used as a stimulator for growth related reactions. The seeds of broad bean (Vicia faba, L. cv. Giza 3) were irrigated with water passed through magnetic device (Magnetic Funnel - MAGNETIC TECHNOLOGIES DUBAI, UAE, LLC. PATENT No. 1826921). Two pot experiments were conducted during season 2010-2011 at greenhouse to study the impact of magnetized water on growth, some chemical constituents and yield productivity of broad bean plants. The stimulatory impact of magnetic water may be ascribed to the increasing of plant growth (plant height, leaf area, leaves, stems, roots fresh and dry weights) and yield production, which increase absorption and assimilation of nutrients. It appears that irrigation with magnetic water may be considered a promising technique to improving the growth and water content of broad bean plant. Magnetic water treatment could be used to enhance growth, chemical constituents (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total available carbohydrates, protein, total amino acids, proline contents, total indole, total phenol, GA3, kinetin, RNA, DNA,) and inorganic minerals (K+, Na+, Ca+2 and P+3) contents in all parts of broad bean plant under greenhouse condition. Results indicated that, irrigation with magnetic water induced positive significant effect on all studied parameters.
Research No-4
Development of a New Method of Garment Filtering Purification of Water Objects of Chrome (VI)
We have developed mobile design of bioplateau for purification of wastewaters of chrome ions. Its biotic component is higher plants possessing under conditions of water culture high ability to accumulate chrome and substrate suitable for the growth of plants in question under condition of water culture. Absorption capacity of designed bioplateau with respect to Cr(VI).
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Latest Research in Materials Science
Research-1
Effect of Different Etching Time on Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of composite resin to dentin surface with various etching protocol.
Methodology: Three sample groups, each consisting of ten permanent mandibular first molar teeth were established. The buccal surfaces of the samples were grinded with the help of straight fissured diamond abrasive removing enamel layer. Samples of Group A, B and C were etched for 15, 30 and 60 seconds respectively, with 37% phosphoric acid. All the samples were washed for 1 min and then dried. Samples were bonded for 15 seconds and restored with composite resin and cured. Samples were subjected under universal testing machine for bond failure.
Results: Bond strength was found to be much higher in group B than in group C and A with a confidence of more than 98.828% (P value: 0.0675).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study; it can be concluded that 30 seconds of etching time gave better bond strength due to longitudinal tubules which influenced the dentin hybridization process in the sense of forming more resin tags that, in turn, contributed to bond strength.
Keywords : Etching; adhesives; 37% phosphoric acid; universal testing machine; dentin adhesives.
Research-2
Modified Composite Activated Carbon Derived from Post-Consumer Plastics and Lignocellulosic Materials
The composite activated carbons were produced using both lignocellulosic materials and urban waste plastics and their characteristics were investigated. The mixture of raw material was first carbonized at 600ºC in N2 atmosphere. The char obtained was then mixed with KOH (in the ratio 2:1 for KOH/char) before the activation process with steam at 850ºC. The results show that composite carbons are micro, mesoporous and have higher carbon yield compared to the carbons from both pure raw materials, which are mainly mesoporous. These results were confirmed by their high adsorption of methylene blue. BET surface area for all the samples were over the acceptable range (991.5 - 1412.9). Moreover, the average size of the pores of carbon between in the range of 1.8 – 2.3 nm. Carbon surfaces were analyzed in detail using FTIR and SEM, exhibiting hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups on the surfaces and cavities of mesopore size.
Keywords :Lignocellulosic materials and waste plastics; impregnation; composite activated carbon; mesoporous; yield
Research-3
The Energy Absorption Capability of Composite Materials for Use in Performance-Critical Applications: A Review
Innovative and novel composite materials that can offer a healthy combination of properties to include physical, mechanical and thermal have in recent years been engineered for use in a spectrum of both performance-critical and non-performance-critical applications in industries spanning aerospace, automotive, defense, naval, civil construction and even consumer products. In the period spanning the last three decades, since the early 1980s, novel composite materials have been engineered for use in products that can withstand both the effects and after effects of shock loading. Based on the energy absorption capabilities and response characteristics of the chosen composite when subjected to the extrinsic influence of a blast load, valued observations in synergism with criterion for the design of both materials and structures were put forth. In this paper, an attempt is made at reviewing the energy absorption capabilities and blast response characteristics of structures made from novel engineered composite materials. The specific role of nature of composite material, processing technique used for the engineered composite and mechanical response is presented and briefly discussed.
Keywords :Composite material; processing; structures: monolithic; layered; blast loading; impact; energy absorption.
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New Research In Physics
Research-1
The Influence of Reinforcement Skill on Academic Performance of Secondary School Physics Students in Obio-Akpor Lga, Rivers State Nigeria
This study is aimed at assessing the influence of reinforcement skill on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Physics students in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, using three research questions and one hypothesis. The study which adopts the descriptive and quasi-experimental research design employed a sample size of sixty teachers and one hundred and twenty students of senior secondary One (SSI) in the sample Area. The questionnaire titled “Teachers Reinforcement Skill Questionnaire” (TRSQ) was part of the instrument and fundamentals of Measurement in Physics. The statistical mean was used to analyse the data for the research questions while standard deviation and Z-test were used to analyze the data to obtain the validity of the hypothesis. The findings revealed that some factors such as insincere reinforcement, adoption of only one form of reinforcement, among others, hinder proper application of reinforcement skill. It was also found that the use of reinforcement influences the academic performance of Physics students. Based on this, it was recommended that teachers should always apply reinforcement skill, be sincere in the application and attend training programmes on teaching skills.
Keywords :Reinforcement; academic performance; physics; secondary school students; Obio-Akpor.
Research-2
The Boundaries of Infinity and the Dance of c at the Hybrid Dynamic Vision in Engineering Physics
The speed of light c and its momentum in spite of its rest mass is in great triumph at the helm of galore hotch potch to the mathematical physicists in worldwide business of applied physics. There is an abundance of different dancing to the theoretical physicist to curb these panics in different theoretical and laboratory setup in applied physics. The intent of this study is to see the light of riding anchor in view of making a dot over these clouds to escape these dilemmas in applied physics. This study can reveal the open secret in choosing the astrophysical parent equation (x) along with its sister concern equations (xi) and (xii) in the route ahead of inventing the boundaries of the infinity in the equations (xi) and (xii) where c = ∞ is the prime concern of the applied mathematicians. Analyses on the equations (x), (xi), (xii) and (xiii) have given vent at the disposal of God particles at the 3rd eye on equation (x) and (xiii) directs the astrophysical Mendelism devoted to understanding the God particle in mathematical astrophysics. An all out physical and applied mathematical planning and policies ahead of searching the God’s phenotypic aliving is in galore need dealing in the Arshi, the eye of knowledge at equation (xiii) in theoretical mathematics to carry the day in spiritual physics bearing a remembrance to the VTSP in the study.
Keywords :Speed of light; God particle; the boundary of infinity; mathematical simulation; arshi; engineering physics.
Research-3
Survey of Laboratory Activities in Senior Secondary School Physics in Nigeria
The importance of laboratory activities in the teaching and learning of physics in secondary schools cannot be overemphasized. It is on the basis of this that the author surveyed the level of laboratory activities in Physics lessons in senior secondary schools in Nigeria. The study involved examination of the extent to which teachers demonstrate practical activities in physics lessons, and the extent to which students are given the opportunities to engage in practical and experimental activities in Physics lessons. One hundred and three physics teachers who were randomly drawn from 103 public senior schools in Oyo state, Nigeria participated in the study. One research instrument titled “Physics Teacher Questionnaire” was used to collect data. Results showed that most schools have separate laboratory for physics practical; teachers, to a large extent, demonstrate practical activities in physics lessons. However, to a large extent, students are not given enough opportunity to engage in practical and experimental activities in Physics. Teachers were of the opinion that though schools have equipment and facilities for physics practical, the equipment and facilities are not enough and are obsolete. Lack of enough time on the school official time table for practical physics, lack of enough laboratory attendants and lack of motivation of the teachers are some of the factors that hinder physics teachers from engaging their students in practical work in physics lessons. Government should provide more funds for schools so that schools can buy more equipment and expand their facilities for physics practical. Restricting the opportunity of the students to engage in practical and experimental activities may be one of the reasons why some students still perceive physics as being abstract and not interested in it.
Keywords :Laboratory activities; senior secondary school physics; equipment and facilities for laboratory work
Research-4
Web-Based Homework Assignments for Introductory Physics Courses
In this work, we investigated the use of online homework in teaching introductory physics courses at United Arab Emirates University. The online homework assignments were conducted by “mastering physics” course managing system. Students had unlimited time for each question within the due date. They also received hints and feedback to correct their answers. The average grade for all homework’s for each student has been calculated and classified according to the time spent in solving the homework. The time spent spans over an interval of time 0-800 minutes, and a Gaussian distribution for the time interval was observed with a peak at 300-400 minutes. It showed that students spent short time got a homework grade below 60% of the total grade; on the other hand students spent longer time achieved grades above 60%. The results were found to be correlated with students’ scores achieved in traditional written tests.
Keywords :Online tests; e-learning; blackboard manager; web-based courses; mastering physics; general courses.
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Zinc and Copper Dynamics in the Soil - Plant System in Intensive Strawberry Production
Abstracts
The term heavy metal, when related to its impact on the life of the plant, almost always implies negative connotations. However, some heavy metals like copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential to maintain the metabolism of plant, and without them the plant would not be able to successfully complete its life cycle. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of Zn and Cu in the soil - plant system in intensive strawberry plantation on pseudogley soil in Northwestern Bosnia, area of Gradacac. The content of Zn and Cu in the examined soil, leaves and fruits of strawberries was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Zn and Cu contents (means +/- SEM) were 82.06 +/- 14.07 and 8.45 +/- 2.35 in soil, 100.34 +/- 4.61 and 0.41 +/- 0.11 in leaves, 91.72 +/- 6.32 and 0.32 +/- 0.18 in fruits expressed as mg/kg dry matter (DW), respectively. Uptake, translocation and accumulation of Zn in the leaves and fruits of strawberries was at a satisfactory level in accordance with the plant’s needs for this element, which was not the case when the dynamics of Cu was studied. Some of the main reasons for that were: a low Cu content in the examined soil, low mobility of Cu in the plant, and antagonistic relationship between Zn and Cu in soil.
Keywords : Fruit; leaf; nutrient; soil fertility; health.
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Availability of Health Care Centres and Its Waste Management in Akure, South-Western Nigeria
Abstracts
The proper management of medical waste is very important due to its infectious and hazardous nature which can cause undesirable effects on humans and the environment. Based on the above this study determined the spatial distribution of health care facilities, volume of waste generated, management of disposal practices and health implications on human beings in Akure, South Western Nigeria. The study adopts stratified-random technique in sampling the health care centers. Seventy-one (71) Health Care Centers was selected and investigated. The questionnaire constructed by the researchers was used to elicit information for the study. ArcGIS 9.3 was used to determine the spatial distribution of health centers while data collected was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Findings showed that there was inequality in the spatial distribution of health care centers. With the use of measuring scale (tons), the volume of waste generated daily in the health care centers was 0.5825, and the average volume of waste generated per patient per day was 0.0016. Findings also showed that the waste collected was not properly managed. It was also identified that lack of waste management led to bad odour (air pollution) increase in toilet flies and mosquitoes which invariably has led to increase in malaria typhoid, cholera etc. The study recommends the establishment of Wastes Management Committee (WMC) in each health care centers in the study area also the organization of seminars, workshops, and sensitization of officers on the appropriate methods of carrying out medical waste management.
Keywords : Medical waste; health centers; waste management; medical facilities.
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Effect of Ascending an Inclined Surface versus Backward Walking on Flat Surface on Dynamic Balance in Healthy Older Adult Males
Abstracts
Aims: Falls among elderly are major health problem. Practice of physical activities such as walking on regular basis improves balance and reduces falls. The objective of this study was to determine whether ascending an inclined surface (ISU) and backward walking on a flat surface (FSB) regularly could improve dynamic balance in healthy older adults and check the interaction of body composition, leg muscle strength and vital capacity.
Study Design: Eight-week walk-training program with and without resistance.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Field and Track Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Minia University, between July and September 2016.
Methodology: Sample: Twenty participants (males; 55-65 years old) and all of them practiced sports regularly. All participants continued with their regular exercise program, while adding walk training program either ISU or FSB for total of 24 training units and 1845 min. divided into three stages preparatory, foundation and development stages. Participants were tested pre-and post-training using - Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita SC240) and tests; Leg press test and dynamometer for muscle strength and Modified Bass test of dynamic balance.
Results: We found statistically significant intervention effects of the walking program on dynamic balance (P=0.0029 ISU and P=0.0054 FSB post vs pretest). Decrease in fat mass (P=0.0001) and increase in bone mass (P=0.001) in ISU group post vs pretest. An increase in dynamic balance (P=0.0215), leg muscles’ strength (P=0.0121) and body muscle mass (P=0.0139) in the ISU group compared to FSB group on comparing the results of the posttest of both groups.
Conclusion: We suggest that physically active elderly who exercise regularly can benefit from the addition of walk training to their current exercise program. We recommend practicing ascending an inclined surface more than backward walking on a flat surface to improve dynamic balance, lean body mass, muscle strength and pulmonary function.
Keywords : Walking program; inclined surface; dynamic balance; older adults; vital capacity, lean body mass; Tanita SC240.
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Identifying the Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Iranian Healthcare Industry
Abstracts
Aims: Previous scholars have investigated the impact of spiritual leadership (SL) on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB); this article aims to identify the impact of SL on OCB in the Iranian healthcare industry.
Study Design: Different healthcare centers in Tehran, Iran.
Methodology: This study is based on a quantitative approach and uses a questionnaire distributed among 252 employees in different job positions within different healthcare centers located in Tehran, Iran. To analyze the data, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 22 is used. Reliability test, factor analysis and standard regression analysis were applied.
Results: The findings supported the notion that SL had a positive impact on OCB (beta coefficient=.101). However, according to the results, determination of SL on OCB in the Iranian healthcare industry is very weak. They also showed that five dimensions of SL had positive relationship with SL. Among them, performance feedback was the most remarkable with (beta coefficient=.361). Two of SL dimensions were excluded due to collinearity which was membership and altruistic love. Finally, findings revealed that all dimensions of OCB had positive relationship with OCB. Among the dimensions, conscientiousness was salient with (beta coefficient= .390).
Conclusion: spiritual leaders help employees to exhibit extra-role behaviors and provide further evidence to support the impact of SL on OCB. This can be a useful key to increase organizational effectiveness.
Keywords : Spiritual leadership; organizational citizenship behavior; healthcare industry; Iran.
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Relationship between the Absorption Behavior of Iron and Silicon by Plant and the Macronutrients Affected by Some Sandy Soil Additives
Abstracts
Aims: A field experiment was carried out to study the relationship between the plant content of iron (Fe) and/or silicon (Si) and the macronutrients under the sandy soil conditions in presence of soil additives different in their effect on the nutrient’ availability.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment for two successive seasons (Sesame in summer season 2015 and wheat in winter season 2016) in sandy soil of the Ismailia Agricultural Research Station - Egypt.
Methodology: Separate single rates of 1190.48 kg/ha for rice straw, cellulose, silica were mixed with the soil surface before cultivation and then covered with a thin layer of soil. Sesame seeds and/or wheat grains were hand sown and planted as recommended. At harvest, the seeds and grains were analyzed for N, P, K, Si and Fe, as well as the soil available N, P, K after harvesting each crop.
Study Design: Single levels of rice straw, cellulose, silica, and K-humate were applied in a completely randomized design.
Results: Treatments decreased the Fe content in seeds in the order Control > silica > rice straw > K-humate > cellulose. The content of Fe in grains was enhanced by treatments compared to the control in the direction: K-humate > silica > rice straw > cellulose > control.
Si content in sesame seeds was inhibited affected by the treatments compared to the control in the order: Control > rice straw > K-humate > silica > cellulose.
Conclusion: Positive correlation coefficient (r) exists between Fe and/or Si content and the total NPK in the sesame seeds but an irregular trend was observed for wheat grains. Also, positive correlation exists between Fe and Si percents in both sesame and wheat during the successive seasons with higher for wheat than sesame.
The correlation with the available NPK was positive (r) for the seeds’ Fe content but negative for the Si content while an irregular trend was observed for wheat grains.
Keywords : Iron; nutrients’ content; silicon; sandy soil; soil additives.
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Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacillus safensis Isolated from Ophioglossum reticulatum L.
Abstracts
Aims: This study is aimed to explore the potential of endophytic bacterial population of Ophioglossum reticulatum L., a pharmacologically important perennial fern, for production of antimicrobial compounds.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, between March 2016 and August 2016.
Methodology: Phenotypically distinct bacterial endophytes were isolated from surface sterilized segments of O. reticulatum L. and screened for the production of antimicrobial metabolites following cross-streak and agar-cup assay methods. The most potent antibacterial isolate was characterized in terms of morphological, physio-biochemical features, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antibacterial antibiotic produced in tryptic soy broth was isolated from the fermented medium in ethyl acetate and partially purified by preparative TLC. The nature and antimicrobial spectrum of the antibiotic was determined following standard biochemical and microbiological methods.
Results: The potent endophytic bacterial isolate OPL 19 was identified as Bacillus safensis (GenBank accession number KY029081) following a polyphasic approach. The antibacterial compound produced by Bacillus OPL 19 was found to be relatively thermostable, non-polar, and lipoidal in nature showing distinct absorption peaks at 220 and 235 nm. In addition it showed broad spectrum of activity inhibiting wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus etc.
Conclusion: This study not only indicated the endomicrobiota as a potential resource for novel antimicrobials but also highlighted the fact that the therapeutic properties of O. reticulatum L. could be correlated with its endophytic association.
Keywords : Ophioglossum reticulatum L.; antimicrobial spectrum; Bacillus safensis; extraction of antibiotic; antibacterial activity.
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Soil Physico-chemical Properties Changes under Different Crops in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Abstracts
The sustainable soil management necessary to maintain soil quality depends on the understanding of how the soil responds to agricultural practices over time. This paper reports the changes in physicochemical properties that resulted from different cropping systems on a soil in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from sole maize plot (1.0 ha), sole cowpea plot (1.0ha) and cassava/maize intercrop plot (0.6ha) on a land that was previously under fallow. The sand, silt and clay contents of the soil and some selected chemical parameters varied considerably within the study area (different cropping zones). The soil was generally sandy loam and was found to vary from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline and generally low in Soil Organic Matter (SOM) and Available P (Av. P) with no salinity problem. High magnitude of variability was observed for Electrical Conductivity (EC), Av. P and SOM while pH had the least magnitude. A geostatistical evaluation of the soil chemical properties showed moderate to strong spatial dependence. The geospatial maps clearly revealed the heterogeneity of the soil chemical properties across the field. Both classical statistics and geo-statistical analyses of the soil of the area provided a better understanding of the spatial variability of soil chemical properties and the influence that such could have on crop performance. The results indicated that the soil pH is slightly acidic and contained low amounts of both SOM and Av. P. It is suggested that planting of cover crops, minimum tillage and controlled application of phosphate fertilizer should be done so as to increase the SOM, improve Av. P and maintain the soil pH. Further studies should be conducted to include other soil chemical properties such that robust site specific management programme could be effected.
Keywords : Soil physicochemical properties; cropping systems; spatial variability.
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Morphological Characterization of Macro Fungi Associated with Forest Tree of National Botanical Garden, Dhaka
Abstracts
This investigation was conducted in National Botanical Garden, Dhaka located at 24°00′ N (Latitude), 90°00′ E (Longitude) to document the morphology, diversity and distribution of macro fungi during the rainy seasons of July to October, 2015. A total of 23 macro fungi samples were collected and identified to 20 species under 10 genera and 10 families. The predominant genera were Ganoderma sp.,Lepiota sp., Daedeleopsis sp., Russula sp., Psythyrella sp., Lycoperdon sp., Crepidotus sp., Psilocybesp, Flammulina sp. and Cantharellus sp. The survey revealed that six species are edible, thirteen species are inedible but among them nine species have medicinal value and only one species of unknown uses. The maximum density of occurrence was exhibited by Psilocybe cubensis (45%) followed by Lepiota sp. (40%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (35%) and Ganoderma lucidum (25%). The specimens were deposited to Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Herbarium of Macrofungi (SHMF). The present investigation emphasized the existence of a distinct biodiversity in macrofungi population at National Botanical Garden, Dhaka.
Keywords : National Botanical Garden; diversity; macrofungi; distribution and macro fungi.
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Attitudes to Bush Meat Trade and Wildlife Conservation at a Market Town in Lowland Rainforest, Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstracts
Aims: The study was undertaken to investigate the attitudes of residents (involved and not involved) to the bush meat trade and conservation at a market town in rural lowland forest, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Against the background of meteoric rise in and alarming increase in the number of endangered and threatened mammalian species in Nigeria, studies were initiated at the main bush meat market town, Omagwa, in Rivers State, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to a number of respondents: 103 (not involved in the trade), 42 (Vendors), 37 (Hunters), 08 (Middle men).
Results: Although some of the hunters had been in the trade for many years, more than 50% entered the occupation within the last 10 years. Nearly 70% of them were involved in other occupations before they became hunters; only 30% were unemployed before they ventured into hunting. More than 35% of vendors were civil servants. The attitudes of those not involved in the trade were diverse, but nearly 50% thought it was a threat to wildlife. With regards to conservation, nearly 50% offered very positive suggestions on wildlife management. Among hunters, about 60% suggested ways of conserving wildlife, although they were of the view that to enhance the trade, hunting needed to be intensified. Vendors were totally in support of conservation by different means.
Conclusion: All 190 respondents, with the exception of an individual not involved in the trade, were keen to ensure that future generations would have too many opportunities to behold the diversity of wildlife at Omagwa. It was therefore clear that they were interested in sustainability, one of the main goals of conservation, despite some contradictory statements. Suggestions on wildlife management policies are presented, beginning with enlightenment on the concepts of conservation, sustainability, wellbeing, etc., and other inter relationships.
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Validating Farmers' Adoption for Salt-tolerated Crop Seeds in Jordan
Abstracts
The information on farmers’ adoption of local seed systems is based on field visits undertaken in the Zarqa and Mafraq Regions in Jordan. Farmers’ adoption depends upon social relation, locally developed seed exchange methods and private companies which are presented as leverage mechanisms for the survival of local seed systems. Farmers' decision to acquire seeds is an act of making a choice between maintaining old germplasms or searching for renewable physical input (seed) or to take advantage of each merit in specific situations. This clearly underscores the need to value the seed lot yield before putting in place any type of variety selection or seed multiplication.
This paper presents a brief overview of the seed system in Jordan with particular emphasis on the role of extension services in local seed supply. Field visits and yield estimates leads to the conclusion that the extension services should focus on farmer yields in order to validate the complementary role of local seed systems, research trials and extension program demonstrations in the development of a national seed industry.
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Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network - LEACH
Abstracts
Aim: Wireless Sensor Network is spatially distributed autonomous sensor to monitor physical and environmental conditions. Energy is the scarcest resource of WSN nodes, and it determines the lifetime of WSNs. For this reason, algorithms and protocols need to address the issues such as increased lifespan, fault tolerance and energy efficiency. For energy efficiency we have various routing protocol.
One of them is HEEMCP Protocol which has been discussed in the below paper along with other protocols.
Study Design: MATLAB is being used for simulating the networks.
Place and Duration of Study: Swami Parmanand College Lalru, between Jan 2017 to June 2017.
Methodology: It included following steps:-
• Survey of the literature related to the proposed work.
• Implementation /simulation of cluster using MATLAB.
• Implementation/simulation of LEACH, Hetero-LEACH, SEP and EEHC protocols using MATLAB.
• Implementation/simulation of the HEEMCP using MATLAB.
• Comparison of LEACH and HEEMCP.
Results: “Table 1: Comparison between Various Energy Efficiency Protocol” discussed below clearly states that HEEMCP is 5 times more energy efficient as compared to other protocols discussed such as EEHC,SEP,LEACH
Conclusion: HEEMCP Protocol is more energy efficient as compared to other protocols discussed.
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Evaluation of Differential Oral Cell-specific Responses to the E-cigarette Component Nicotine
Abstracts
Objectives: The recent introduction of electronic cigarettes (EC) or e-cigarettes, also known as the electronic nicotine delivery device (ENDD), has been promoted as a safer alternative to tobacco products and smoking. Many groups have advocated for the use of ECs or ENDDs as a tool to reduce carcinogenic potential, while simultaneously promoting strategies and protocols for smoking and nicotine cessation. Based upon this information, the main objective of this study was to determine the biological effects of the most basic aerosol component of all ECs and ENDDs (nicotine) on cells and tissues specifically derived from the oral cavity. The working hypothesis was that no discernable effects would be apparent at the concentrations typically associated with EC and ENDD use.
Experimental Methods: In brief, oral cell lines were obtained, which included normal, non-cancerous Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF-1) and two oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC25, CAL27). Cells were exposed to nicotine at concentrations equivalent to those found in e-cigarette mixtures (5.77 x 10-5 M) for five day proliferation and viability assays.
Results: The results of this study strongly suggest that nicotine may have negative effects on both cellular viability and cellular proliferation among cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Moreover, these effects appear to become more pronounced over time, suggesting that short-term exposure to vaping solutions comprised of water with small amounts of nicotine may be sufficient to induce these effects – at least in this experimental or in vitro setting.
Conclusions: In summary, these data provide further evidence that nicotine administration may present significant risks to cell viability and growth over time. In addition, this study demonstrated that these effects were evident in both cancerous and non-cancerous cells – a finding that may suggest more research in this area is needed to determine the mechanisms that might be shared between these differing cell types, which may also suggest more caution may be needed when advertising or marketing ECs or ENDDs are low- or no-risk alternatives to cigarette smoking.
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Effect of Hypoxia Inducible Factor on Hypoxia Inducible Gene Expression and Glycolysis
Abstracts
Aim: The effect of both HIF-1 and HIF-2 drastically affect hypoxia responses. Because the relative contributions to hypoxic gene induction and transcriptions are unknown; we aim to evaluate HIF2 target genes, and discuss the secondary gene activations and RNA expression transcripts.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in the year 2015.
Methodology: Both HIF-1α and HIF-2α have been implicated in hypoxia responses. However, till now, their relative contributions to hypoxic gene induction and transcriptions is unknown. Here in this study we evaluate HIF2α target genes, and discuss the secondary gene activations and RNA expression transcripts, specifically glycolytic genes and we believe such information can translate into further hypothesis generating studies that could result in oncology and drug discoveries.
Results: This study showed that, HFI1α stimulates glycolytic GE in both types of cells clearly showing for the HFI1α and HFI2α (or HFI1 and HFI2) have singular aims; however, growing proof distinguishes between both molecules in terms of transcriptional targets and effect on different physiological pathways and tumorigenesis. Moreover, more interest has been paid in order to understand the real effect of HFI2α in order to control/regulate different sides of digestive-tumors; including angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis, metastasis, metabolism and resistance to chemotherapy.
Conclusions: The study shows that HFI2α plays an essential and crucial role as regulator of the malignant phenotype. In the present study, one shows the importance role played by both HFI1 and 2 through tumor growth.
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Genetic Parameters and Stress Tolerance Index for Quantitative Traits in Barley under Different Drought Stress Severities
Abstracts
To determine genetic parameters and drought resistance in barley, an experiment was conducted at Kafr El-Hamam Agricultural Research Station in Zagazig, El-Sharqiyah Governorate, Egypt. The fourteen and two checks genotypes were evaluated under a diverse set of conditions that ranged from non-stress condition to conditions with moderate to severe. The analysis of variance displayed that yield, and other studied traits were significantly affected by seasons and genotypes (p<0.01), while, the genotypes x seasons interaction showed significant or highly significant for most studied characteristics during non-stress, moderate stress and severe stress conditions. The highest values of the mean performance for most studied traits were recorded under non-stress, followed by mild pressure and then severe stress for all or most the studied genotypes. Most studied genotypes were better than the checks varieties during non-stress, moderate, severe stress conditions. The variance components and heritability showed significant or highly significant for most studied traits under non-stress, moderate and severe stress conditions. The maximum values of genetic variance were found for most studied traits under drought stress conditions followed by the environmental and genotypes × season variances. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of the mean was observed for most studied traits under non-stress, moderate and severe stress conditions. The differences between phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV%) were higher than the values of genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV%) for all studied traits during non-stress, moderate and severe stress conditions. The highest values of GCV% and PCV% were recorded for most studied characteristics during severe stress condition. The values of the relative coefficient of variation were higher than the unity for most studied traits during non-stress and drought stress conditions. Hence, these genetic parameters can be used as direct selection criteria for barley improvement under drought stress conditions. The values of stress tolerance (STI) based on moderate stress were better than the benefits of STI based on severe stress. Cluster analysis classified the genotypes into three groups, i.e., tolerant, semi-tolerant and susceptible. Based on mean performances, stress tolerance and cluster analysis, 1, 4, 6 and ten genotypes recorded the best values and are identified as the best drought-tolerant genotypes for most studied traits and can be used in future barley breeding programme during moderate stress condition in Egypt.
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Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in Treating Livestock among the Fulani People of Mararaba -Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstracts
Aim: The study was undertaken to document some medicinal plants used in treating livestock among the Fulani people of Marraba-Mubi.
Place and Duration of Study: Plant samples were collected from Mararaba-Mubi, November 2015- February 2016.
Methodology: All the plant samples collected were dried at room temperature and milled to a coarse powder. Aqueous extraction of the samples was carried out at room temperature. These extracts were phytochemically screened qualitatively for the presence of alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and Phenols using standard procedures.
Results: A total of 25 species of plants belonging to 18 families were collected in which Fabaceae represented 20.0% (5 species), Meliaceae, Malvaceae and Alliaceae 8.0% (2 species/family) respectively. The plant parts mostly used were the leaves 66.67% and the least being the roots 7.41%. The qualitative phytochemical screening of active constituent of the plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids and phenols. The survey also reveals that some plants have multiple medicinal uses, while some were being used to cure only one disease. The major threats in the study area were found to be agricultural activities, cutting down of trees for fuel and natural factors.
Conclusion: Mararaba Mubi is relatively rich in medicinal plant knowledge and practice. Therefore, conservation of medicinal plants, documentation and promotion of indigenous knowledge by encouraging research activities is required in the study area.
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Characterization of Fruit Wines from Baobab (Adansonia digitata), Pineapple (Ananas sativus) and Carrot (Daucus carota) Tropical Fruits
Abstracts
Aims: The study compared the chemical composition, physicochemical and sensory properties of wines from baobab, pineapple and carrot tropical fruits.
Study Design: The baobab, pineapple and carrot fruits were purchased. Juices were extracted from the fruits, fermented and the qualities of the wines were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in 2016 at Federal University Wukari, Nigeria.
Methodology: Juices were extracted from baobab, pineapple and carrot fruit pulps, ameliorated to 23°Brix with sucrose and seeded with 3% (v/v) Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae). The juices were fermented at 30°C for 21 days. Changes in pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids of the juices during fermentation were assessed.
Results: The pH, soluble solids and specific gravity of the juices decreased while titratable acidity increased with fermentation period. The pH values of the baobab, pineapple and carrot wines are 3.30, 3.52 and 4.4, respectively. The baobab, pineapple and carrot wines have titratable acidities of 0.06, 0.90 and 0.72%, respectively. The soluble solids vary from 3% in pineapple wine to 6°Brix in baobab wine. The volatile acidities of the wines range between 0.050 and 0.113%. The vitamin C contents of the baobab, pineapple and carrot wines are 285, 43.74 and 6.00 mg/100 g, respectively. The beta carotene contents of baobab, pineapple and carrot wines are 0.60, 6.40 and 1880 mg/100 g, respectively. The baobab, pineapple and carrot wines contain 11.0, 12.0 and 7.60% (v/v) alcohol, respectively. The pineapple wine is rated significantly higher (p<0.05) in all the sensory attributes than the baobab and carrot wines.
Conclusion: Baobab, pineapple and carrot and fruits have high potential for wine making. The wines produced from baobab, pineapple and carrot fruit juices. The wines contain high amount of vitamin C and beta carotene. The use of these tropical fruits would conserve foreign exchange expended on the importation of wine.
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Proximate and Mineral Composition of Bread Fortified with Mushroom (Plerotus ostreatus and Calocybe indica)
Abstracts
The proximate and mineral composition of two mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus and Calocybe indica) was firstly determined. The mushrooms was dried and milled into powder. The Mushroom Powder (MP) was used to substitute wheat flour in bread formulation at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The 0% inclusion served as the positive control while bread obtained from the market served as the negative control. The proximate and mineral properties of the bread were determined before and after storage using standard methods. The study revealed that the ash content, fiber and protein content increased significantly with increase in the addition of the mushroom powder. Protein content increased from 9.12% in the negative control to 18.7% with 5% MP inclusion and 25.1% with 20% MP inclusion. Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc and iron content of the bread increased significantly (P≤0.05) with increase in the mushroom powder. The results from this study revealed mushroom could be used to improve the nutritional value of bread and this may help in the reduction of protein and mineral malnutrition prevalent in Nigeria and other developing countries.
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Relationship between the Absorption Behavior of Iron and Silicon by Plant and the Macronutrients Affected by Some Sandy Soil Additives
Abstracts
Aims: A field experiment was carried out to study the relationship between the plant content of iron (Fe) and/or silicon (Si) and the macronutrients under the sandy soil conditions in presence of soil additives different in their effect on the nutrient’ availability.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment for two successive seasons (Sesame in summer season 2015 and wheat in winter season 2016) in sandy soil of the Ismailia Agricultural Research Station - Egypt.
Methodology: Separate single rates of 1190.48 kg/ha for rice straw, cellulose, silica were mixed with the soil surface before cultivation and then covered with a thin layer of soil. Sesame seeds and/or wheat grains were hand sown and planted as recommended. At harvest, the seeds and grains were analyzed for N, P, K, Si and Fe, as well as the soil available N, P, K after harvesting each crop.
Study Design: Single levels of rice straw, cellulose, silica, and K-humate were applied in a completely randomized design.
Results: Treatments decreased the Fe content in seeds in the order Control > silica > rice straw > K-humate > cellulose. The content of Fe in grains was enhanced by treatments compared to the control in the direction: K-humate > silica > rice straw > cellulose > control.
Si content in sesame seeds was inhibited affected by the treatments compared to the control in the order: Control > rice straw > K-humate > silica > cellulose.
Conclusion: Positive correlation coefficient (r) exists between Fe and/or Si content and the total NPK in the sesame seeds but an irregular trend was observed for wheat grains. Also, positive correlation exists between Fe and Si percents in both sesame and wheat during the successive seasons with higher for wheat than sesame.
The correlation with the available NPK was positive (r) for the seeds’ Fe content but negative for the Si content while an irregular trend was observed for wheat grains.
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Drainage Basin Morphometric Analysis for Flood Potential Mapping in Owu Using Geospatial Techniques
Abstracts
This study characterized the Owu drainage basin in southwestern Nigeria using geospatial approach with the objectives of examining the morphometry in relations to flood vulnerability of people in the region. Data used were the topographic maps and satellite imageries of the region. The data were analysed by both hydrological and geographical information techniques for basin delineation, stream ordering and digital elevation modelling. Results showed that the drainage basin is characterized by about 429 stream segments, and mean bifurcation ratio of about 1.9, and that about 23% of the entire basin area is susceptible to severe flooding. The study concluded that livelihoods and people in the flood vulnerable areas are endangered, and recommends preparedness for potential flood hazards in the area.
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Preparation, Docking, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of 2-arylquinazolinones
Abstracts
Aims: Recently the use of antifungal drugs in human medicine has been increased, especially with the advent of AIDS epidemic. The extensive use of antifungal drugs and their resistance against fungal infections have led to the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds. Despite the growing list of azole drugs, their clinical value has been limited by their relatively high risk of toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance. Also, chemotherapy for cancer is frequently limited by organ toxicities and emergence of drug resistance in tumor cells. So efforts have focused on the development of new, less toxic, and more effective antifungal and cytotoxic agents.
Study Design: Preparation of several 2-arylquinazolinones with both antifungal and cytotoxic activities.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Medical Mycology and Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from October 2016 to September 2017.
Methodology: Several synthetic analogues of 2-arylquinazolinones have been developed aiming at drugs with high potency and diminished toxicity. Thus, 2-arylquinazolinones (1b-12b) are prepared according to literature. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds against different species of microorganisms including fungi, gram positive and gram negative bacteria are evaluated. Broth micro-dilution method as recommended by clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) was used for this purpose. We also evaluated the cytotoxic activities of the compounds against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549 and SKOV3) using colorimetric MTT cytotoxic assay. The specific binding mode of synthetic 2-arylquinazolinones have been also indicated by molecular modelling studies to show the interactions and binding orientation of compounds to CYP51 active site.
Results: Compound 1b showed desirable activities against bacteria as well as yeasts and filaments fungi. Compounds 2b, 7b, 8b and 9b can inhibit the growth of different yeasts with acceptable MIC. The cytotoxic results showed compounds 7b, 8b, 9b and 10b had partial inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines in particular lung adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion: 2-arylquinazolinones are respectable candidate for further studies in biological research.
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Thermal Radiation and Heat Absorption Effect on Heat and Mass Transfer over an Exponential Stretching Porous Surface with Viscous Dissipation
Abstracts
The study of natural convective boundary layer flow of heat and mass transfer of incompressible viscous dissipative fluid over a porous stretching vertical surface in the presence of thermal radiation with heat absorption in a porous medium is considered. A similarity variables is used to reduce the governing system of PDEs to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically using shooting technique coupled with fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The numerical computations are presented in graphically and tabular for various fluid parameters controlling the fluid flow of heat and mass transfer. It is observed that an increase in radiation produced a rise in the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Skin friction and Nusselt number increased with an increase in the radiation.
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Nutrient X-Ray Energy Shift Studies in Wheat Plants and Soils
Abstracts
Aims: To check the effect of soil environment on chemistry of potassium and calcium nutrients in wheat plants with varying soil conditions.
Study Design: Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements on plant/soil samples. Study of fluorescent X-ray spectra and data processing to calculate shift in photo peak energies of nutrients.
Place and Duration of Study: XRF laboratory, Nuclear science laboratories, Physics Department, Punjabi University, Patiala during December 2013-March 2014.
Methodology: A pot experiment was performed on wheat plants grown on soils collected from different sites of six cities / town / village in Punjab, India. Low power X-ray tube set up for Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements has been used to record the fluorescent X-ray spectra of wheat plants and soils for macro nutrient studies. SOLVER a powerful program included in Microsoft Excel for Windows was applied to predict nutrient X-ray energies with precision 10-4 of channel width. The shifts in peak energies were evaluated with reference to that of plant/soil from an environmentally protected ground site.
Results: The shift in calcium photo peak energies was found higher than that of potassium photo peaks. In case of soils, the shifts are related to level of contamination of soils from sewage system, factory sites and road sides. The changes in soil nutrients’ chemical state lead to these shifts and accordingly from studied shifts, the height of the contamination level is approximated and correlated with the population life style of localities and environment of occupations on the soils like industries, farming and gardening etc. The shifts in nutrient photo peak energies in plants, generally, in opposite direction to that for soils signify the wheat plants’ quality to cope with stress conditions.
Conclusion: Shifts in photo peak energies for nutrients can be used as tool to sense the contamination level of soil.
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Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy Caused by Diphtheroids Treated with Intrastromal Antibiotics in a Post-corneal Transplant Patient
Abstracts
Purpose: To present a case of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by Diphtheroids in a post-corneal transplant patient.
Design: Prospective, interventional case report.
Case Report: This is a case of a 44 year-old male seen at a tertiary hospital in Manila, Philippines. He underwent penetrating keratoplasty of the right eye 5 years prior to present consult for a corneal scar secondary to trauma sustained in childhood. Three years after the initial surgery, patient suffered another blunt trauma incident, causing graft dehiscence, and eventually necessitating graft re-suturing. In the interim, he experienced recurrent eye redness, to which he self-medicated with topical corticosteroids. Non-resolution of symptoms prompted the present consult.
Methodology/Results: The patient consulted 9 months after the second surgery. Initial examination revealed an intact corneal epithelium, with white branching needle-like infiltrates located from the anterior to midstroma of the corneal graft. Culture of the corneal scraping was done, which revealed growth of Diphtheroids. Moxifloxacin was injected intrastromally. Topical corticosteroid was discontinued and topical Moxifloxacin was started. After 1 month of therapy, the infiltrates were eradicated and a vascularized scar developed on the graft.
Conclusion: Diphtheroids can be a causative organism of infectious crystalline keratopathy, with a clinical presentation similar to those caused by Gram positive cocci. Intrastromal antibiotic injection and discontinuation of topical corticosteroids are essential in the treatment of this condition.
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A Newborn with Athrogryposis Multiplex Congenital (AMC): A Case Report
Abstracts
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is constellation of contractions of multiple joints present at birth with fat or fibrous tissue partially or totally replacing muscles. Aetiological cause is from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. It affects approximately 1 in 2-3000 live births. All four extremities are involved in50-60% of cases; lower limbs, in 30-40%, and upper limbs, in 10-15% of cases. Our patient is case of Amyoplasia with duodenal atresia. Had surgery and was seen in the clinic on follow up to 3 months. He has remain stable on physiotherapy.
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Modelling and Optimization of Laser Alloyed AISI 422 Stainless Steel Using Taguchi Approach and Response Surface Model (RSM)
Abstracts
This research paper demonstrates the application of Taguchi method and Response surface Methodology (RSM) for optimization of alloyed depth in laser alloying of AISI 422 martensitic stainless steel. The experiment was designed and carried out on the basis of standard L9 Taguchi’s orthogonal array in which three laser processing parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and powder feed rate were arranged at three levels. The processing parameters played an important role in the quality of alloyed coating produced and proper control of these processing parameters resulted in quality alloyed depth and hardness property. From the analysis of mean values of variance (ANOVA) and response surface numerical analysis, the significant laser processing parameters were indentified. The results showed that laser power and scanning speed are the most significant parameters affecting the alloyed depth of laser surface alloying (LSA), while the influence of powder feed rate is much minimal.
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The Impact of Employee Personality Traits on Organizational Commitment in an Apparel Industry in Trincomalee District
Abstracts
This research aims to investigate the Impact of Employee Personality Traits on Organizational Commitment among the employees of the apparel industry in Trincomalee. Based on the comprehensive literature review, two groups of variables were identifying in the workplace. Two variables were personality traits and organizational commitment. Personality traits include openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversions, agreeableness, neuroticism, Organizational commitment contains affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment.
The sample was drawn employees of the apparel industry in Trincomalee District. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from the sample. The primary data were collected through closed structure questionnaire from 200 respondents from selected garment factories in Trincomalee. Data analysis was used to analyses the primary data and data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate and regression analyses.
These outcomes show the analyzed data revealed that the personality traits are positively and significantly impact of organizational commitment. So, it can be revealed that there is a positive and significant impact on personality traits on organizational commitment in selected garment factories in Trincomalee District.
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Quantification and Qualification of Tannins from Residues of Forest Species Hymenea courbaril Duke and Bowdichia virgiloides Kunth
Abstracts
This research aimed to compare yield and quality of tannic powder extracts from forest residues from jatobá (Hymenea courbaril Duke) and sucupira preta (Bowdichia virgiloides Kunth.) generated from a joinery. Tannic extract was obtained with an adapted soxhlete extractor. Extract was analysed about its extraction yield (Y%), total solids (TS%), humidity (H%), corrected soluble and insoluble solids (SS%, IS%), tannic and non-tannic contents through formaldehyde and skin powder method (TCf%, nTCf%, TCp%, nTCp%), ashes content (%), density (g cm-3) and pH. The experimental design was entirely casualized, with variables compared through F test. Jatobá presented yield of 15.87%, and black sucupira of 17.09%. For TCf% and nTCf%, jatobá presented 74.66% and 12.66% respectively, and black sucupira presented 64% and 12.66% respectively. Species showed potential for the production of tannic extract, with highlight to jatobá.
Keywords :
Hymenea courbaril Duke; skin powder; Brazilian savanna and Caatinga.
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Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Maize Productivity in the Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological Zone of Ghana
Abstracts
Blanket fertilizer recommendation for maize (Zea mays, L.) production in Ghana was made in the 1960s. Due to changes in soil fertility and for economic reasons, farmers are adopting different fertilizer rates and in various combinations to produce maize. The efficiency of the applications and effect on maize productivity have been rarely investigated. The objective of the study was therefore to investigate maize productivity and the nitrogen use efficiency of the current recommended fertilizer rate for maize production and other rates and combinations of synthetic and organic fertilizers being applied by farmers in the Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological Zone (GSAZ) of Ghana. On-farm research was conducted at five locations during 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. The fields were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 16 treatments in three replications. The treatments consisted of the control (T1), eight synthetic fertilizer treatments alone (T2, T3, T4, T5, T10, T11, T12, and T13), six integrated treatments (T6, T7, T8, T9, T14, and T15), and T16 which involved the application of only Sulphate of Ammonia as top dressing. The combined application of poultry manure and synthetic fertilizer recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher maize grain yields of 2.15 – 2.76 t/ha. Treatments that involved the combined application of synthetic fertilizers and poultry manure recorded the least Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) values with T6 recording the lowest figure of 2.14±1.17. NUE was lower for synthetic + organic treatments because the total N was much higher for these treatments resulting in increased yields but at a decreasing rate. The NUE was significantly lower in 2015 than in 2014. Kanpong and Mognegu significantly (P < 0.05) recorded the highest (19.3±0.68) and lowest (4.27±0.75) NUE, respectively. Optimum maize grain yield can be obtained through the application of integrated nutrient management in the GSAZ of Ghana.
Keywords :
Nitrogen use efficiency; nutrient management; productivity; northern region; Ghana; guinea savanna agro-ecological zone; maize; poultry manure.
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Physiological Quality of Rice Seeds Stored in Different Environments and Packages
Abstracts
Aims: Evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds during storage in different packages and environments, identifying the best condition to conserve the seeds.
Study Design: Completely randomized with four replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: Plant Science Laboratory and Genetics Laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus-PI, from April to October 2016.
Methodology: Seeds of rice were stored for 180 days in plastic bottles, kraft paper packaging, trifoliate paper packaging and polyethylene bags in cold and humid chamber (10°C and 85% RH), in a temperature controlled environment (25°C) and in an uncontrolled environment (21-36.4°C and 30-67% RH). The water content and vigor characteristics (first counting germination and germination speed index and electrical conductivity) were evaluated before (control), and at 90 and 180 days of storage, additional tests were also evaluated during these periods the Absolute growth rate of the root (AGRR), Absolute growth rate of the aerial part (AGRAP), Relative growth rate of the root (RGRR) and Relative growth rate of the aerial part (RGRAP).
Results: The values of AGRAP and RGRAP were reduced, differing from the others, for the trifoliate paper packages (0.168 cm day-1) and polyethylene bag (0.168 cm dia-1) in environment 1 at 180 days of storage. The plastic bottles presented the highest values for the characters 1st count (%) and germination (%) in all environments and storage periods. At the end of the storage (180 days) the environment with temperature control was the one that presented the best results of 1st counting of germination (%) and germination (%). At 90 and 180 days, the plastic bottles presented higher Germination speed index. The environment with temperature control presented better results for electrical conductivity (μS cm-1 g-1)
Conclusion: The environment with temperature control is efficient in storing rice seeds for 180 days using a plastic bottle package. During storage, the greatest changes in the physiological quality of rice seeds are verified in the cold and humid chamber environment and in the polyethylene bag package.
Keywords :
Deterioration; viability; vigor; Oryza sativa L.
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Characterization and Control of Two Unknown Fungal Strains Isolated from Postharvest Mango Spoilage
Abstracts
Ripened mangoes are perishable sometimes as they contain large amount of water and carbon sources which make it susceptible to spoilage by different fungi. This study was therefore carried out through morphological characteristics, growth characteristics and control measure of two unknown fungal strains isolated from postharvest spoiled ‘Gopalvog’ and ‘Mollica’ mango varieties. Both the colony color of fungal strain isolated from ‘Gopalvog’ and ‘Mollica’ was initially white. Surprisingly, the colony of fungal strain from ‘Gopalvog’ became grayish brown after 72 hours. The optimum mycelial growth of fungal strain isolated from ‘Gopalvog’ was obtained at pH 8, temperature 35°C and 2% glucose concentration. The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the fungal strain isolated from ‘Mollica’ were 6 and 35°C respectively. At 6% NaCl concentration, 100% inhibition of growth was obtained for both fungi. Growth of both the fungal strain was inhibited at 2% and 0.5-2% citric acid concentration respectively
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Dimensionless Geomorphometry and Discharge in the Ikpa River Basin, Nigeria
Abstracts
This study evaluates the relationships between dimensionless basin geomorphometry and discharge in the Ikpa River. The basin was stratified into seven sub-units using [1] scheme. Geospatial tools were used in generating data for the digital elevation model, while dimensionless geomorphometric parameters were generated from topographic maps (sheet 322 NE; sheet 322 SE; sheet 323 SW; and sheet 331 NW) of the basin area drawn on a scale of 1.50,000. The sampled sub-basins were gauged and discharge measured by a surface float. Graphical analysis of discharge revealed wide variations between months and in seasons across sub-basins with the rainy season attracting highest volume of discharge and the corresponding fluvial processes. The regression analysis yields a coefficient of multiple determination (R) of 0.937, signifying a very high effect expressed by 87.8 of the proportion of variance in dimensionless geomorphometric parameters on discharge in Ikpa River Basin. Also, the computed F value yields 1.439, while the Table value tested at (0.05)5/2 confident level offers 19.30. The result led to the conclusion that variations in relief ratio, average bifurcation ratio, circularity ratio, elongation ratio and form factor have a significant effect on discharge in Ikpa River Basin. This paper recommends for prompt installations of state of the art river gauging and monitoring facilities to provide the needed information to the government, researchers, and individuals for the sustainable land and watershed development options (dam and irrigation) in the coastal plain of Ikpa River basin.
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Lymhocytic Vasculitis on Top of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS): Case Report
Abstracts
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare, serious disorder of skin and mucous membranes that usually occurs due to any type of medication and other disease (infections). The outer most layer of the skin is affected due irrational death of the cells. Lymhocytic vasculitis is another severe patho-dermatological condition that causes damages of the blood vessels of on the upper most layer of the skin due to harmful effects of lymphocytes of the blood. Sometimes its effects over shed the other serious conditions of SJS syndrome. Patients at their primary stage may be suspected as SJS syndrome but its severity may leads to get turn over cutaneous vasculities within sometimes. Beside all the serum experiments, histological tests show major outcome in confirming the pathological condition. Signs and symptoms of this particular disease do not affirm that the person is actually suffering from this disorder but histo-pathological sketch contributes major respond in this regard. Medications like oral colchicine 0.5 mg once daily and oral prednisolone 30 mg is said to be used clinically for getting improved result.
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Nature (Impact Factor: 41.6) confirmed high standard of SCIENCEDOMAIN international journal and its editors
We are happy to inform that Nature (Impact Factor: 41.6) confirmed high standard of SDI journal and its editors (Article link: http://bit.ly/nature-sdi). As per the article, an investigation found that dozens of academic journals offered ' Anna Szust --Dr Fraud' — a sham, unqualified scientist — a place on their editorial board. Thousands of academic journals do not aspire to quality. They exist primarily to extract fees from authors. These 'predatory' journals exhibit questionable marketing schemes, follow lax or non-existent peer-review procedures and fail to provide scientific rigour or transparency. Crucial to a journal's quality is its editors. Editors decide whether a paper is reviewed and by whom, and whether a submission should be rejected, revised or accepted. Such roles have usually been assigned to established experts in the journal's field, and are considered prestigious positions. Many predatory journals hoping to cash in seem to aggressively and indiscriminately recruit academics to build legitimate-looking editorial boards. The authors of the article conceived a sting operation and submitted a fake application for an editor position to 360 journals, a mix of legitimate titles and suspected predators. Forty-eight journals accepted the application.
One of our journals was also targeted by the authors of this NATURE article as part of the sting operation. They also sent the application. But SDI editorial screening committee rejected that the application as it was very low quality and suspicious. The profile was dismally inadequate for a role as editor. In fact, ScienceDomain International never bothered to send a reply to the applicant. ScienceDomain International has not sent even a rejection mail.
The original mail is here: http://bit.ly/first-mail-1
The source code of the mail is here (for authenticity checking): http://bit.ly/mail-sourcecode
The CV of the applicant is here: http://bit.ly/fake-cv
At ScienceDomain we maintain a very high-quality stringent evaluation process during the selection of editors. Our editors are chosen after a 6 steps checking process. SDI selects the editors, who only pass these six-step evaluation criteria. Additionally, SDI publicly publishes profile link, the institutional link of the editors. To maintain the highest level of transparency, SDI follows ‘open peer review’ process. Along with the published paper, SDI journals publicly publish all the peer review reports, editorial reports, different versions of the revised manuscript. Names of the editors and reviewers are also published publicly along with any published paper.
SDI congratulates all our esteemed editors to maintain the high standard of our journals. SDI is also thankful to the editors, as they do tremendous hard-work in different rounds of peer review process to uplift the quality of published papers. SDI is also thankful to the reviewers of our journals, who relentlessly work to evaluate manuscripts. Without the sincere, dedicated and honest help of editors and reviewers from the very beginning, SDI journals cannot maintain this high quality.
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Papers published in Science Domain journals are attracting huge visitors
Publication charge of Science Domain international journals is extremely low compared to other open access publishers who often charge several hundred or thousands of dollars from authors. It is commendable that even at such low cost they are providing excellent and transparent OPEN Peer review service, DOI, permanent digital Archiving, wide indexing, etc. Papers published in Science Domain journals are attracting huge visitors as more than two millions visitors visited their journals with more than 7.9 million page view (see: http://sciencedomain.org/announcement/publication-and-site-statistics-up-to-sept-2015). It has attracted more than 22 thousands manuscript submission and published more than ten thousands papers. It is really an exciting record for any new publisher. Science Domain international journal Web sites provide the ability for users to comment on articles to facilitate community evaluation and discourse around published articles. Comment section is mainly dedicated to promote "Post-publication peer review". Therefore, all Science Domain international journals strictly follow 'pre-publication OPEN peer review' and strongly encourage "Post-publication peer review". Science Domain international journals follow transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system (Detailed general information is available in this link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_peer_review). High quality manuscripts are peer-reviewed by minimum two peers of the same field. OPEN peer review system provides the provision to reveal the identities of the authors and reviewers to each other during review process. In order to add transparency further, details of all reviewers and academic editors are published in the first page of every published paper (in the Article Information section: see example). As a final step to provide highest level transparency in the process, all review comments, authors' feedbacks, all versions of the manuscript and editorial comments are published (along with date) with the paper in 'Review History' link (See example 1, example 2, example 3, etc). This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review.
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- Example 4 (http://sciencedomain.org/abstract/6118)
Science Domain journals follow the excellent guidelines regarding ‘Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing’, established by the Committee on Publication Ethics, the Directory of Open Access Journals, the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association and the World Association of Medical Editors. Science Domain journals sincerely thank OASPA-DOAJ-COPE-WAME for this great effort. Science Domain journals additionally publicly publish a ‘self-compliance report’ for public and scholarly scrutiny. Science Domain journals heartily welcome any valuable feedback to improve (see here: http://sciencedomain.org/journal/32/odc-compliance).
Since inception, this publisher is making constant efforts to promote integrity and transparency. It is completely baseless libel that SCIENCE DOMAIN international is a predatory publisher, as no other publisher put these much efforts to adhere to best publishing practices.
Sciencedomain provide transparent advanced open peer review
SCIENCE DOMAIN international offers a great opportunity to the scientists and scholars to publish their findings and research papers, so that the interested readers can easily access them through internet free of cost. Sciencedomain provide transparent advanced open peer review, indexing, DOI service, permanent digital archiving with Portico, etc. This publisher claims that a dedicated indexing team is working to include all journals in reputed indexing services or journal evaluation services or catalogue or reference citations, etc. As a result, within a short span of time their journals have been included in many databases and the number is increasing every month.
It is really commendable that this publisher strongly encourage authors to take more informed decision before submission of any manuscript. In order to help the authors to take 'more informed decision' and to substantiate their claims, this publisher is providing web-links/proofs beside most of their claims of indexing or journal evaluation services. They also advise that authors should visit the official site of the indexing organization or journal evaluation services before submitting any manuscript. This is really a good example for any publisher and authors may appreciate their efforts to maintain integrity and transparency.
SCIENCE DOMAIN international providing readers free access to high quality journals through internet
If you are searching for a reliable publisher, where you can find free journals on different topics of science, medicine and technology, then you can completely depend upon SCIENCE DOMAIN international. They have earned a good brand name in the industry by providing readers free access to high quality journals through internet. These journals behave as a prominent link between the scholars of science, technology, etc. and the enthusiasts, who want to attain in-depth knowledge through the published research work and journals.
It seems that authors and researchers are happy with the transparent peer review service provided this publisher. High quality peer review should attract appreciation from all authors, irrespective of the nature of the review decision (i.e. Acceptance or Rejection of manuscript). Some of the testimonials are available here: http://www.sciencedomain.org/page/authors-speak. It is also mention worthy that this publisher provide the proof/web link beside every testimonial. As the email IDs of the authors are available in the proof, anybody can cross-check the authenticity. It is a good practice indeed.
Home To Some Of The Most Informative Journals
Are you searching for a reliable website for journals associated with various topics of medicine, science and technology? If your answer to the above question is yes, then SCIENCEDOMAIN international is an ideal choice for you. Our website has an extensive range of journals and articles that you can access for free. We believe in establishing a trustworthy relationship with our readers and this is why, we provide them high quality international pieces of research papers through our website.
Since establishment, we have been serving the most respected academicians from all over the globe by allowing them to showcase their research work on our site. We aim at promoting their content without any monetary barrier. We have been the first and foremost choice of a myriad of scholars and scientists, as all our policies are completely transparent that work well for our contributors.
At SCIENCEDOMAIN international, we have always laid emphasis on giving back something to the society, and we have successfully conducted this by sharing new ideas and theories through the journals linked to distinct fields. Our every journal is open to access, but we have a policy of charging for the subscription of the hard copies of the published work. We offer discounts of 25% on the bulk order of subscriptions as well as for the agency that arranges subscriptions of journals.
We are well-known to offer the toughest Advanced OPEN peer review system in which minimum two peers of the same field peer-reviewed high quality manuscripts. Our review system offers the provision to uncover the authors' and reviewers' identities to each other during the review process. In addition, we publish the details of every reviewer and academic editor on the published paper's first page, while publishing authors' feedback, review comments, different manuscript versions and editorial comments with the paper in the 'Review History' link.
So through our unique system, we have helped the reviewers to get their due respect and recognition by publishing their names with the papers. Therefore, our process has enabled the society to be highly beneficial in the long run, opposite of some rumors which state that we at SCIENCEDOMAIN international are a predatory publisher.
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Publisher of STM journals
Science Domain International is a new and promising publisher of STM journals from India. It is noteworthy that this publisher follows Transparent and robust “Open peer review” model. In 2013 an article published in famous Science journal (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full), which reported that out of total 304 journals, only 20 journals rejected a fake article after substantial peer review. Sciencedomain’s journal was among these few successful journals. It also provides wide indexing coverage and provides public proof for every claim of indexing. It also renders the service of perpetual archiving with Portico, DOI for every article, plagiarism checking for each submission, etc. Many scientists from world famous universities like Harvard, Columbia University, Cambridge, University of Chicago, Yale University, University of Göttingen, etc published with Science Domain journals. All these examples clearly stand against the working principle of some predatory publishers, who don’t provide any peer review service and don’t provide the basic services of a standard scholarly publisher.